BIO 121 Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Questions And Answers Well Elaborated

The scientific study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment - correct answers Environmental Science the goods provided by the environment. Can be renewable or nonrenewable - correct answers Natural Resources natural systems provided by the environment - correct answers Ecosystem Services a quantitative measure of resource consumption based on the cumulative area of biologically productive land and water - correct answers Ecological Footprint Agricultural Revolution and Industrial Revolution - correct answers Two Big jumps in our population due to: a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from undesirable changes brought on by human actions. NOT THE SAME AS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - correct answers Environmentalism science is a systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it - correct answers What does science do? Gather basic information (typically direct observation) - correct answers Observational(Descriptive) Science based on basic information of patterns and processes and more targeted and structured - correct answers Hypothesis-Driven Science 1. Make an Observation 2. Ask a Question 3. Form a Hypothesis that answers the Question 4. Make a prediction based on the Hypothesis 5. Do an experiment to test the Hypothesis 6. Analyze results 7. Hypothesis is correct or incorrect 8. Report results and repeat if needed - correct answers Scientific Method application of ethical standards to relationships between people and nonhuman entities - correct answers Environmental Ethics human centered view - correct answers Anthropocentrism ascribes inherent value to certain living things - correct answers Biocentrism judges actions in terms of their effects on whole ecological systems - correct answers Ecocentrism Preservation Ethic: people should protect the natural environment in a pristine, unaltered state - correct answers John Muir Conservation Ethic: people should put natural resources to use but that we have a responsibility to manage them wisely - correct answers Gifford Pinchot wrote "The Land Ethic" argue people should view themselves and the land as members of the same community, therefor we must treat the land in an ethical manner - correct answers Aldo Leopold living within our planet's means, such that the Earth can sustain all life, including us, for the future - correct answers Sustainability rock and sediment - correct answers Lithosphere surrounding air - correct answers Atmosphere all water (salt, fresh, brackish, liquid, ice, vapor, etc) - correct answers Hydrosphere encompasses Earth's biotic and the abiotic portions they interact with - correct answers Biosphere works to stabilize a system - correct answers Negative Feedback drive a system towards an extreme, generally destabilizing - correct answers Positive Feedback a material that has mass and occupies space as a solid, liquid, or gas - correct answers Matter Matter may be transformed from one type of substance to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed - correct answers Law of Conservation of Matter carbon, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus - correct answers Important elements for living organisms (NUTRIENTS) acidification which decreases calcium carbonate which prevents crustaceans from shell formation - correct answers Increase in Carbon in ocean leads to... an intangible phenomenon that can change position, physical composition, or temperature of a matter - correct answers Energy PHOTOSYNTHESIS - correct answers light energy is transformed to chemical energy through releases chemical energy - correct answers cellular respiration involve interactions between living and nonliving entities - correct answers Ecosystem conversion of sunlight to chemical energy - correct answers Primary Production total amount of energy produced by autotrophs - correct answers Gross Primary Production energy that remains and is used to generate biomass - correct answers Net Primary Production NPP - correct answers GPP-Cell Respiration= when a reservoir releases more materials than it accepts - correct answers Source when a reservoir accepts more materials than it releases - correct answers Sink the rate at which materials move between reservoirs - correct answers FLUX - affects all other cycles -transferred by evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation - correct answers Water Cycle -producers pull CO2 to produce sugars -consumption of organic molecules by consumers/decomposers releases CO2 - correct answers Carbon Cycle CARBON - correct answers Oceans serve as the 2nd largest reservoir of what - essential in DNA, RNA, and proteins - requires nitrogen fixation to become biologically available - or nitrification - artificially fix nitrogen to enhance agric