Biology 121 Exam 2 Questions And Guaranteed Correct Answers| Graded A+

Exergonic Reaction - correct answers Ends with the release of free energy. Takes organic compounds and breaks it up into smaller molecules Endergonic Reaction - correct answers Requires the input of free energy. Builds organic compounds from smaller molecules. Exergonic reaction - correct answers Breaking down glucose to make ATP is an overall ____ reaction DNA, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes - correct answers What structure components are present in ALL cells Cytoplasm - correct answers semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - correct answers SIMILARITIES: 1. They both have DNA as their genetic material. 2. They are both membrane bound. 3. They both have ribosomes . 4. They have similar basic metabolism . 5. They are both amazingly diverse in forms. DIFERENCES: 1. eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not 2. eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells. 4. The DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes. 5. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of peptidoglycan. 6. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; What is the main function of the nucleus - correct answers to hold a eukaryotic cell's DNA What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - correct answers Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it What is the main function of the smooth ER - correct answers to make lipids, break down carbohydrates and fats, and to inactivate toxins. What is the main function of the golgi complex/apparatus - correct answers to finish, sort, and ship lipids, enyzmes, and proteins. What is the main function of the mitochondria - correct answers Energy powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP by aerobic respiration What is the main function of the chloroplasts - correct answers Specializes in photosynthesis What is the main function of the central vacuole - correct answers increases cell surface area; stores metabolic wastes What is the main function of the cell wall - correct answers to structurally protect and support the cell What is the main function of the cytoskeleton - correct answers structurally supports and imparts shape to the cell. Moves cell and its components What is the main function of the plasmodesma - correct answers communication junction between adjoining cells What is the main function of the ribosomes - correct answers sites of protein synthesis What is a chromosome - correct answers one DNA molecule and many proteins associated with it What is chromatin - correct answers total collection of all DNA molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus; all of the cell's chromosomes What is the nucleolus - correct answers rounded mass of proteins and copies of genes for ribosomal RNA used to construct ribosomal subunits. Long, thin whip-like structure that helps organisms move through moist or wet surroundings - correct answers Flagella sweep dust, foreign bodies and bacteria that have been trapped by mucus toward mouth for removal - correct answers Cilia Why was the evolution of photosynthesis so significatnt for the history of life on earth - correct answers We and almost all other organisms sustain ourselves by extracting energy from organic molecules that photosynthesis makes What organisms exhibit photsynthesis - correct answers Autotrophs What are reactants and products of photosynthesis - correct answers Reactants: Carbon dioxide and water Products: C6H1206 + 6O2 where does the oxygen that photosynthesis produces come from? - correct answers comes from the original water reactant (H20) What is the C3 or Calvin cycle - correct answers Builds sugars in the stroma of chloroplasts. Forms sugars from CO2. Part of the light-independent reactions. What are C4 plants? How are they different from C3 plants? - correct answers C3 - type of plant that uses only the Calvin-Benson cycle to fix Carbon C4 - minimizes photorespiration by fixing carbon twice, in two cell types What are some things that plants do with the glucose they make - correct answers 1-gives out oxygen 2-supply carbon dioxide to all parts of the plant 3-take in water and mineral salts to all parts of the plant. 4-store in the leaves 5-for respiration. Why is all fossil fuel a form of "solar power" - correct answers Fossil fuels are an indirect form of solar energy because solar energy was used to sustain the plant life,through photosynthesis, that is now now part of the fossil fuels. an organic molecule that can absorb light of certain wavelengths - correct answers Pigment distance between the crests of 2 successive wavelenghts - correct answers wavelength plant chloroplasts have 2 outer m