Bio 121 Exam 1 - Montgomery County community college Questions Solved Pass At First Attempt.

What are the characteristics of life? - correct answers organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction What are the levels of biological organization - correct answers molecules-Organelles-cells-tissue-organs and organ systems-organisms-populations-communities-Ecosystems-The biosphere Biotic Vs. Abiotic - correct answers Biotic: living ex. animals, plants, bacteria Abiotic: nonliving ex. rock, water, air What is emergent property? - correct answers They result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system What are two characteristics that all cells share? - correct answers All cells are living cells and can only come from preexisting cells, regulate its internal environment, take in/use energy, respond to enivorment What are three structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - correct answers Eukaryotic cells- has nucleus, larger/ "more complex", membrane bond organelles Prokaryotic cells- No nucleus, smaller/"Simpler", no membrane bond organelles What is systems biology? - correct answers an attempt to model behavior by analyzing interactions How do living organisms interact with their environment? - correct answers By adaption Be able to distinguish between a producer, consumer and decomposer - correct answers Producers are living things such as plants and bacteria that go through photosynthesis and produce their own source of energy that gets transfered to the consumer that eats it What are the two major processes that are part of the dynamics of ecosystems? - correct answers The recycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy What is DNA? What is genes? - correct answers DNA is genetic coding that provides master instructions for all of cells functions Genes are specific sequences that encode precise information in units of inheritance Explain what is meant in the unity and diversity of life? - correct answers it means that plants and animals very different from each other but they can also have very similar characteristics. They can work together in harmony but can become predator and prey at the same time What is a genome? - correct answers a haploid set of chromosomes in a gene or genetic material present in a cell or organism What is taxonomy? - correct answers the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics. What are the three domains of life? Which kingdoms are included in domain eukarya? - correct answers There is bacteria, archea and eukarya Eukarya consists of protists, plantae, fungi and animalia What is evolution? What is natural selection? - correct answers Change over time Survival of the fittest natural selection was inferred by connecting two observations. What are these observations? What are two inferences Darwin drew? - correct answers Observation: individual variation - inference: unequal reproductive success Observation: over production of offspring - inference: accumulation of favorable traits What is a hypothesis? - correct answers A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested What is the difference between qualitative ve and quantitative data? - correct answers Quantative data has more to go down with the process of gathering information like measurements and qualitative has to do with observations What is a theory? - correct answers well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations What is a controlled experiment? - correct answers a test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable? What are controls? (Negative and postive) - correct answers Independent- manipulated Dependent- out come of independent Control- constant What is artificial selection? - correct answers selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring What is the goal of science? What is the goal of technology? - correct answers To investigate and understand the natural world Apply scientific knowledge for a specific purpose Who was Aristotle? What did he conclude and was he correct? - correct answers He believed that every species that exists was created in its current form aka no evolution (clearly wrong) Who was Charles Darwin? - correct answers Charles Darwin promoted natural selection as the method of evolutionary changes. He was best known for his work at the galopagoes islands and his book was called The Origin Of Species Interpret the following statement "Many of Darwin's observations indicated that geographic proximity is a better predictor of relationships among organisms than similarity of environment - correct answers Similarity in environment did not contribute to the relationship of species however the proximity of ones environment did How did the work of Charles Lyell influence Darwin? - correct answers Gave him the idea that earth is very old, giving time for small changes to occur in populations. What is adaptation? How did Darwin hypothesize there adaptions came about? - correct answers A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce Who was Alfred Wallace? - correct answers naturalist that arrived at same basic explanation as Darwin Who was Jean Baptiste Lamarck? - correct answers French Naturalist who realized that species changed over time, but his theory of inheritance of characteristics was wrong. What are fossils? What is strata? Who are paleontologist? - correct answers Fossils are the preserved traces or remains of organisms that lived thousands or millions of years ago Layers of of sedimentary rock Scientists that study fossils aka ross What is the fossil record? - correct answers The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different groups of organisms, including species, have changed over time. What is transitional organism? - correct answers Fossil or organism that show intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its decents What is homology? What is a homologous structure? What is a vestigial structure? - correct answers similarity resulting from common ancestry Features that often have different functions but are structurally similar Remnant of features that served important functions in an organisms ancestor What is relatedness determined between species? - correct answers Similarity in DNA sequence and the presence of vestigel and homologous structures What is the evolutionary tree? - correct answers a diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms What is artificial selection? - correct answers selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring Who was Thomas Malthus? - correct answers Essay on principle of population Increase in food- population growth- temporary improvement- original state List the key points about evolution by natural selection - correct answers 1. Occurs through interactions between individual organisms and the environment 2. Amplify or diminish only heritable traits 3. Evolution is not goal directed