COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Criticisms of Structualism.
Answer: too subjective, too concerned with internal behavior
◍ Behavior.
Answer: anything an organism does
◍ illusory correlations.
Answer: the perception of a relationship where none exists
◍ apophenia.
Answer: Perception that unrelated events/things are related
◍ deductive reasoning.
Answer: ideas are tested against the empirical (real) world
◍ cross-sectional design.
Answer: compare several age groups to each other
◍ cofounding variable.
Answer: a factor other than the independent variable that causes changes in
the dependent variabe
◍ informed consent.
Answer: an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to
enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
◍ Agonists.
Answer: chemically similar; binds to receptor sites and produce same effect
, ◍ inhibitory.
Answer: Keeps next cell from firing
◍ gestures.
Answer: 8-12 months
◍ REM Sleep.
Answer: the stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, dreaming, and
paralysis of motor systems
◍ crystallized intelligence.
Answer: our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase
with age
◍ synaptic vesicles.
Answer: open and spill neurotransmitters into synapse
◍ dendrites.
Answer: Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
◍ epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Answer: increases arousal levels
◍ Structuralism.
Answer: tried to explain the structure of thought
◍ cognitive neuroscience.
Answer: study of brain activity linked with cognition
◍ TMS.
Answer: produces motor responses and can briefly inactivate an area
◍ phonemes.
Answer: the basic units of sound in language
◍ Broca's area (frontal lobes).
Answer: speech production