iHUMAN CASE STUDY uy uy
Exam Solution
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Lecture 3: Neuro: The Neurological Case (Benedicenti) uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
VERIFIED ANSWERS (1F493) uy uy
QUESTION 1 uy
How do we workup a neuro case?
uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- take history - neurological exam - localizing lesions
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 2 uy
What are components of the history for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Signalment: age, sex, breed - Presenting complaint - Last normal - Progression of signs -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
History narrative: description of the animal's abilities, disabilities, general health and daily routine
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 3 uy
What are the neuro specific questions to ask regarding gait/posture?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Can he walk up/downstairs - Can he posture to defecate or urinate - Does he fall over frequently -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Can he climb onto furniture
uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 4 uy
What are the neuro specific questions if seizures are the presenting complaint?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Recognizable trigger (pre-ictal phase) -
uy uy uy uy uy
Time of the day, activity at or prior the onset of seizure activity (eating, exercise, etc) -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
, uy Description of seizure event - Single or multiple in a 24 hrs. period - Duration - Frequency -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
uy Duration of recovery period uy uy uy
QUESTION 5 uy
What components of the history based on treatment are relevant to a neuro case?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Medications used: start/finish dates/doses (mg/kg) - Compliance: owners vs patient - Side effects -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Adverse reactions - Serum levels if patient is on an anticonvulsant -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Response to physical rest if patient is presenting for a spinal cord/painful issue
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 6 uy
What components of the history from other bodies systems are relevant?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- When did the owner acquire the pet/from where - Any major illnesses/trauma/surgery -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Any previous occurrences of the same issue, treatment and treatment response -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Always ask about other body systems: vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, sneezing, weight loss -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Regurgitation may appear as vomiting -
uy uy uy uy uy uy
Appetite change, ability to prehend food and to swallow, urination and defecation ability
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 7 uy
What other aspects of a history are important for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Daily routine of the family: unrealistic for older owner to carry a heavy dog outside -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Travel history: potential for infectious diseases -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Environment: recent rearrangement of furniture can exacerbate clinical signs of blindness -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Presence of other pets in the household: other animals may be affected by the same issue due to here
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ditary or environmental factors (shared food)
uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 8 uy
What are the clinical tips for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Never assume the past diagnosis is correct -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Never assume that owners understand the medical terms they use -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
If there is a chronic issue, many owners accept it as "normal" or blame old age -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Question owner multiple times about which side of the body of their pet they think it's affected. Many
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy u
owners describe left and right orientation as they see it, facing the animal -
y uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Owners tend to find a reason for their pet clinical signs
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Exam Solution
uy
Lecture 3: Neuro: The Neurological Case (Benedicenti) uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
VERIFIED ANSWERS (1F493) uy uy
QUESTION 1 uy
How do we workup a neuro case?
uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- take history - neurological exam - localizing lesions
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 2 uy
What are components of the history for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Signalment: age, sex, breed - Presenting complaint - Last normal - Progression of signs -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
History narrative: description of the animal's abilities, disabilities, general health and daily routine
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 3 uy
What are the neuro specific questions to ask regarding gait/posture?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Can he walk up/downstairs - Can he posture to defecate or urinate - Does he fall over frequently -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Can he climb onto furniture
uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 4 uy
What are the neuro specific questions if seizures are the presenting complaint?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Recognizable trigger (pre-ictal phase) -
uy uy uy uy uy
Time of the day, activity at or prior the onset of seizure activity (eating, exercise, etc) -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
, uy Description of seizure event - Single or multiple in a 24 hrs. period - Duration - Frequency -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
uy Duration of recovery period uy uy uy
QUESTION 5 uy
What components of the history based on treatment are relevant to a neuro case?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Medications used: start/finish dates/doses (mg/kg) - Compliance: owners vs patient - Side effects -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Adverse reactions - Serum levels if patient is on an anticonvulsant -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Response to physical rest if patient is presenting for a spinal cord/painful issue
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 6 uy
What components of the history from other bodies systems are relevant?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- When did the owner acquire the pet/from where - Any major illnesses/trauma/surgery -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Any previous occurrences of the same issue, treatment and treatment response -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Always ask about other body systems: vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, sneezing, weight loss -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Regurgitation may appear as vomiting -
uy uy uy uy uy uy
Appetite change, ability to prehend food and to swallow, urination and defecation ability
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 7 uy
What other aspects of a history are important for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Daily routine of the family: unrealistic for older owner to carry a heavy dog outside -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Travel history: potential for infectious diseases -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Environment: recent rearrangement of furniture can exacerbate clinical signs of blindness -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Presence of other pets in the household: other animals may be affected by the same issue due to here
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ditary or environmental factors (shared food)
uy uy uy uy uy
QUESTION 8 uy
What are the clinical tips for neuro cases?
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
ANSWER
- Never assume the past diagnosis is correct -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Never assume that owners understand the medical terms they use -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
If there is a chronic issue, many owners accept it as "normal" or blame old age -
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Question owner multiple times about which side of the body of their pet they think it's affected. Many
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy u
owners describe left and right orientation as they see it, facing the animal -
y uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
Owners tend to find a reason for their pet clinical signs
uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy uy
