BIO 322 GCU MIDTERM ACTUAL PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Etiologic Agents.
Answer: Exogenous- from external environment
Endogenous- from within the body
⩥ Idiopathic.
Answer: Cause Undetermined
⩥ Iatrogenic.
Answer: Caused unintentionally
ex. treatment, diagnostic procedure or error
⩥ Pathogenesis.
Answer: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the clinical
manifestations of a disease
⩥ Clinical Manifestations.
,Answer: Signs and Symptoms associated with a disease
Related alterations in diagnostic tests
⩥ Sign.
Answer: Objective indication of disease
⩥ Symptom.
Answer: Subjective indication of disease
⩥ Syndrome.
Answer: Combination of signs and symptoms
⩥ Acute disease.
Answer: Appears quickly
⩥ Chronic Disease.
Answer: Enduring with lasting implications
⩥ Exacerbation.
Answer: Increase in disease severity
,⩥ Remission.
Answer: Decrease in disease severity
⩥ Genetics.
Answer: Role of specific genes
familial inheritance of genetic variations
⩥ Genomics.
Answer: Mediation of physiologic function by groups of genes
⩥ Nutrition.
Answer: modifiable risk factor
High intake pf carbs and fat- diabetes
High intake of sodium- Cardiovascular disease
⩥ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of how disease is distributed in populations and
identification of the factors influencing the distribution
, ⩥ Incidence.
Answer: Number of new cases of a disease or condition within a defined
period and for a defined population
⩥ Prevalence.
Answer: Number of individuals of a defined population who already
have a disease or condition
⩥ Mortality.
Answer: Number of deaths in a given population
⩥ Morbidity.
Answer: Departure from physiologic or psychologic well-being and
encompasses disease, injury, and disability
⩥ Hypoxemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen is below normal due to environmental reasons or
respiratory disease
⩥ Ischemic hypoxia.
Answer: tissue is not receiving enough O2 because of decreased
perfusion due to cardiac or vascular disorder
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Etiologic Agents.
Answer: Exogenous- from external environment
Endogenous- from within the body
⩥ Idiopathic.
Answer: Cause Undetermined
⩥ Iatrogenic.
Answer: Caused unintentionally
ex. treatment, diagnostic procedure or error
⩥ Pathogenesis.
Answer: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the clinical
manifestations of a disease
⩥ Clinical Manifestations.
,Answer: Signs and Symptoms associated with a disease
Related alterations in diagnostic tests
⩥ Sign.
Answer: Objective indication of disease
⩥ Symptom.
Answer: Subjective indication of disease
⩥ Syndrome.
Answer: Combination of signs and symptoms
⩥ Acute disease.
Answer: Appears quickly
⩥ Chronic Disease.
Answer: Enduring with lasting implications
⩥ Exacerbation.
Answer: Increase in disease severity
,⩥ Remission.
Answer: Decrease in disease severity
⩥ Genetics.
Answer: Role of specific genes
familial inheritance of genetic variations
⩥ Genomics.
Answer: Mediation of physiologic function by groups of genes
⩥ Nutrition.
Answer: modifiable risk factor
High intake pf carbs and fat- diabetes
High intake of sodium- Cardiovascular disease
⩥ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of how disease is distributed in populations and
identification of the factors influencing the distribution
, ⩥ Incidence.
Answer: Number of new cases of a disease or condition within a defined
period and for a defined population
⩥ Prevalence.
Answer: Number of individuals of a defined population who already
have a disease or condition
⩥ Mortality.
Answer: Number of deaths in a given population
⩥ Morbidity.
Answer: Departure from physiologic or psychologic well-being and
encompasses disease, injury, and disability
⩥ Hypoxemic Hypoxia.
Answer: Oxygen is below normal due to environmental reasons or
respiratory disease
⩥ Ischemic hypoxia.
Answer: tissue is not receiving enough O2 because of decreased
perfusion due to cardiac or vascular disorder
