BIO 322 GCU MIDTERM CERTIFICATION
REVIEW 2026 COMPLETE GUIDE GRADED
A+
⩥ Type of incontinence that causes involuntary loss of urine (unable to
get to the bathroom in time).
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Type of incontinence caused by the blockage of the bladder outlet.
Bladder is always full.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Chronic inflammation of the bladder. MC in Females.
Answer: Interstitial Cystitis
⩥ Thins the protective lining of the bladder and will cause pinpoint
bleeding and possible ulcers.
Answer: What does interstitial cystitis do to the bladder?
⩥ Urgency, frequency, and small urine output
Damaged bladder tissue causes fibrosis
Rule out UTI
,no cure, medications and possible cystectomy.
Answer: S&S, Complications, testing and treatment of Interstitial
Cystitis
⩥ Broad infection including the urethra, bladder, and kidneys.
Answer: Urinary tract Infection
⩥ frequency, urgency, burning, and fever if kidney infection
can travel to kidneys or bloodstream
Urine analysis, cloudiness
oral antibiotics.
Answer: S&S, Complications, testing and treatment of UTI
⩥ When UTI infection travels to kidney's.
Answer: pyelonephritis
⩥ IV antibiotics.
Answer: Treatment of pyelonephritis
⩥ Painful Urination.
Answer: dysuria
, ⩥ Blood in Urine.
Answer: hematuria
⩥ Lower abdominal pain but above pubic area.
Answer: Suprapubic
⩥ Pain can be found here with kidney infections. Where you do
Murphy's punch test.
Answer: Costovertebral
⩥ Percussion test done on the area of the back overlying the kidney.
Answer: Murphy's Punch
⩥ found in males, when you stroke the inner thigh and it causes the
testicle to contract upwards.
Answer: Cremasteric Reflex
⩥ Pain relief when you lift the effected testicle.
Answer: Phren Sign
⩥ An erection that lasts for more then 4 hours.
Answer: Priapism
REVIEW 2026 COMPLETE GUIDE GRADED
A+
⩥ Type of incontinence that causes involuntary loss of urine (unable to
get to the bathroom in time).
Answer: Urge Incontinence
⩥ Type of incontinence caused by the blockage of the bladder outlet.
Bladder is always full.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
⩥ Chronic inflammation of the bladder. MC in Females.
Answer: Interstitial Cystitis
⩥ Thins the protective lining of the bladder and will cause pinpoint
bleeding and possible ulcers.
Answer: What does interstitial cystitis do to the bladder?
⩥ Urgency, frequency, and small urine output
Damaged bladder tissue causes fibrosis
Rule out UTI
,no cure, medications and possible cystectomy.
Answer: S&S, Complications, testing and treatment of Interstitial
Cystitis
⩥ Broad infection including the urethra, bladder, and kidneys.
Answer: Urinary tract Infection
⩥ frequency, urgency, burning, and fever if kidney infection
can travel to kidneys or bloodstream
Urine analysis, cloudiness
oral antibiotics.
Answer: S&S, Complications, testing and treatment of UTI
⩥ When UTI infection travels to kidney's.
Answer: pyelonephritis
⩥ IV antibiotics.
Answer: Treatment of pyelonephritis
⩥ Painful Urination.
Answer: dysuria
, ⩥ Blood in Urine.
Answer: hematuria
⩥ Lower abdominal pain but above pubic area.
Answer: Suprapubic
⩥ Pain can be found here with kidney infections. Where you do
Murphy's punch test.
Answer: Costovertebral
⩥ Percussion test done on the area of the back overlying the kidney.
Answer: Murphy's Punch
⩥ found in males, when you stroke the inner thigh and it causes the
testicle to contract upwards.
Answer: Cremasteric Reflex
⩥ Pain relief when you lift the effected testicle.
Answer: Phren Sign
⩥ An erection that lasts for more then 4 hours.
Answer: Priapism
