BIO 322 GCU MIDTERM PRACTICE SCRIPT
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Third spacing edema.
Answer: Fluid accumulation in abnormal places
⩥ Ascites.
Answer: accumulation of protein-containing fluid in the peritoneal space
Portal HTN
⩥ Treatments fro edema.
Answer: Diuretics
IV solutions
⩥ ADH increased causes.
Answer: Increased distal tubule permeability, increased reabsorption of
water into blood, decreased urine output
⩥ ADH suppressed.
,Answer: Distal tubules become less permeable to water; decrease
reabsorption of water; Increase urine output
⩥ SIADH.
Answer: syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
⩥ Most common cause of ADH secreting tumor.
Answer: Bronchogenic cancer
⩥ Signs and symptoms of SIADH.
Answer: Hyponatremia
Dilutional Hyponatremia from water intoxication
⩥ Water regulation.
Answer: ADH
concentration of sodium
⩥ Sodium concentration regulation.
Answer: renal and hormonal mechanisms
, natriuretic peptides
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
⩥ Hypervolemia causes.
Answer: excessive sodium or fluid intake, fluid or sodium retention,
shift in fluid from interstitial to intravascular space, administering
sodium infusions too rapidly, low intake of dietary protein
fluid overload in blood
⩥ Hypovolemia causes.
Answer: Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access,
significant injury to skin
Low fluids in blood
⩥ Hyponatremia causes.
Answer: Vomiting
Diuretics
Excessive administration of dextrose and water IVs
Burns, wound drainage
Excessive water intake
2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Third spacing edema.
Answer: Fluid accumulation in abnormal places
⩥ Ascites.
Answer: accumulation of protein-containing fluid in the peritoneal space
Portal HTN
⩥ Treatments fro edema.
Answer: Diuretics
IV solutions
⩥ ADH increased causes.
Answer: Increased distal tubule permeability, increased reabsorption of
water into blood, decreased urine output
⩥ ADH suppressed.
,Answer: Distal tubules become less permeable to water; decrease
reabsorption of water; Increase urine output
⩥ SIADH.
Answer: syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
⩥ Most common cause of ADH secreting tumor.
Answer: Bronchogenic cancer
⩥ Signs and symptoms of SIADH.
Answer: Hyponatremia
Dilutional Hyponatremia from water intoxication
⩥ Water regulation.
Answer: ADH
concentration of sodium
⩥ Sodium concentration regulation.
Answer: renal and hormonal mechanisms
, natriuretic peptides
renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
⩥ Hypervolemia causes.
Answer: excessive sodium or fluid intake, fluid or sodium retention,
shift in fluid from interstitial to intravascular space, administering
sodium infusions too rapidly, low intake of dietary protein
fluid overload in blood
⩥ Hypovolemia causes.
Answer: Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access,
significant injury to skin
Low fluids in blood
⩥ Hyponatremia causes.
Answer: Vomiting
Diuretics
Excessive administration of dextrose and water IVs
Burns, wound drainage
Excessive water intake
