BIO 322 GCU MIDTERM STUDY BANK 2026
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Myocardial Ischemia.
Answer: - the decrease in the blood supply to the heart which leds to
chest pain or angina.
- S/S: chest heaviness, possible pain in left arm, shoulder, jaw and neck,
Nausea & breathlessness
⩥ Myocardial infarction.
Answer: AKA: heart attack IRREVERSIBLE
- progressive ischemia with damage to myocardium (myoctye necrosis)
- Cause: cardiovascular disease
- S/S: dyspnea, decrease BP (scynocpe), nausea, diaphoresis, anxiety,
sudden sever chest pain that may radiate to left arm
- Women: jaw and back bain
- Men: chest discomfort, arm pain, and SOB.
- Tests: EKG
-- STEMI- indicates transmural MI
-- NON STEMI- indicates subendocardial MI
⩥ What are the two types of myocardial infarctions.
,Answer: 1. transmural
2. subendocardial
⩥ Transmural MI.
Answer: thrombus remains and myocardium involved transcend to
epicardium
- STEMI (ST elevation in MI)
-- Q- wave MI
⩥ Subendocardial MI.
Answer: thrombus dislodges and only myocardium directly beneath
endocardium involved.
- NON STEMI (no ST elevation in mycardial infarction)
-- non Q wave MI
⩥ Transmural Vs. Subendocardial MI.
Answer:
⩥ Transmural MI vs. Subendocardial EKG.
Answer: ALSO REVIEW SLIDE 6
⩥ Test for MI.
,Answer: Blood tests values increased
- TROPONIN I AND T: 12 hours- 2 weeks (most specific)
- LDH: (Lactate dehydrogenase): 72hrs-10 days
-CK-MB (creatine phophonkiase- myocardial band : 10 -48 hrs
MYOGLOBIN: 2hrs- lasts 24 hrs.
* TROPONIN AND CK0MB ARE THE TWO MAIN LABS WE
LOOK AT TO CONFIRM HEART ATTACK.
** review slide 22
⩥ Treatment for MI.
Answer: ANGIOPLASTY- with in 90 mins
- thrombolytic therapy- with in 3 hours
- cardioportection after MI
-- beta-blockers: blocks sympathetic innervation
-- ACE inhibitors
⩥ Angina Pectoris.
Answer: Chest pain caused by REVERSIBLE myocardial ischemia
- S/S: sudden severe chest pain last *3-5 minutes*. pressure/squeezing,
fatigue, nausea, SOB.
- cause: cardiovascular disease or anemias
, - tx: Rest, nitrates (dialte arteries and viens)
⩥ Tests for Angina pectoris.
Answer: -EKG- may be normal
- stress tests
- coronary ANGIOGRAPHY and cardiac catheterization
--- dye with x rays to show coronary lumen
- CBC
-- increased C REACTIVE PROTIEN (CPR) INDICATES
INFLAMMATION SOMEWHERE IN THE BODY.
-- ESR- erythrocyte sedimentation rate. shows how quickly red blood
cells peel and rop to the bottome
-
⩥ CABG.
Answer: coronary artery bypass
- graft involves bypassing major blocks in the blood vessels of the heart
to improve blood flow to cardiac muscle
⩥ Define ischemia and consequences of prolonged ischemia and how it
relates to atherosclerosis (cell death)..
Answer:
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Myocardial Ischemia.
Answer: - the decrease in the blood supply to the heart which leds to
chest pain or angina.
- S/S: chest heaviness, possible pain in left arm, shoulder, jaw and neck,
Nausea & breathlessness
⩥ Myocardial infarction.
Answer: AKA: heart attack IRREVERSIBLE
- progressive ischemia with damage to myocardium (myoctye necrosis)
- Cause: cardiovascular disease
- S/S: dyspnea, decrease BP (scynocpe), nausea, diaphoresis, anxiety,
sudden sever chest pain that may radiate to left arm
- Women: jaw and back bain
- Men: chest discomfort, arm pain, and SOB.
- Tests: EKG
-- STEMI- indicates transmural MI
-- NON STEMI- indicates subendocardial MI
⩥ What are the two types of myocardial infarctions.
,Answer: 1. transmural
2. subendocardial
⩥ Transmural MI.
Answer: thrombus remains and myocardium involved transcend to
epicardium
- STEMI (ST elevation in MI)
-- Q- wave MI
⩥ Subendocardial MI.
Answer: thrombus dislodges and only myocardium directly beneath
endocardium involved.
- NON STEMI (no ST elevation in mycardial infarction)
-- non Q wave MI
⩥ Transmural Vs. Subendocardial MI.
Answer:
⩥ Transmural MI vs. Subendocardial EKG.
Answer: ALSO REVIEW SLIDE 6
⩥ Test for MI.
,Answer: Blood tests values increased
- TROPONIN I AND T: 12 hours- 2 weeks (most specific)
- LDH: (Lactate dehydrogenase): 72hrs-10 days
-CK-MB (creatine phophonkiase- myocardial band : 10 -48 hrs
MYOGLOBIN: 2hrs- lasts 24 hrs.
* TROPONIN AND CK0MB ARE THE TWO MAIN LABS WE
LOOK AT TO CONFIRM HEART ATTACK.
** review slide 22
⩥ Treatment for MI.
Answer: ANGIOPLASTY- with in 90 mins
- thrombolytic therapy- with in 3 hours
- cardioportection after MI
-- beta-blockers: blocks sympathetic innervation
-- ACE inhibitors
⩥ Angina Pectoris.
Answer: Chest pain caused by REVERSIBLE myocardial ischemia
- S/S: sudden severe chest pain last *3-5 minutes*. pressure/squeezing,
fatigue, nausea, SOB.
- cause: cardiovascular disease or anemias
, - tx: Rest, nitrates (dialte arteries and viens)
⩥ Tests for Angina pectoris.
Answer: -EKG- may be normal
- stress tests
- coronary ANGIOGRAPHY and cardiac catheterization
--- dye with x rays to show coronary lumen
- CBC
-- increased C REACTIVE PROTIEN (CPR) INDICATES
INFLAMMATION SOMEWHERE IN THE BODY.
-- ESR- erythrocyte sedimentation rate. shows how quickly red blood
cells peel and rop to the bottome
-
⩥ CABG.
Answer: coronary artery bypass
- graft involves bypassing major blocks in the blood vessels of the heart
to improve blood flow to cardiac muscle
⩥ Define ischemia and consequences of prolonged ischemia and how it
relates to atherosclerosis (cell death)..
Answer:
