EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ •Group.
Answer: •Members motivated to join•Group functions as unified unit of
interacting people•Members contribute in various amounts to the group
processes•Group agrees and disagrees through various forms of interaction
◍ •Group Dynamics.
Answer: •Interactions and forces among group members in social
situations•Focuses on internal nature of groups, how they form, their
structure and processes, and how they function and affect members, the
group, and the organization
◍ Propinquity.
Answer: •people affiliate with one another due to spatial or geographical
proximity
◍ Activities, Interactions, Sentiments.
Answer: •the more activities people share, the more interactions they have,
or the stronger the sentiments, the more of the other two elements
◍ What is the major challenge and critical competitive advantage in business?.
Answer: people
◍ Balance Theory.
Answer: •people are attracted to one another on the basis of similar attitudes
toward common objectives and goals
◍ Exchange Theory.
Answer: where a minimum positive level (rewards greater than costs) of an
, outcome must exist in order for attraction or group affiliation to take place
◍ Why are people a competitive advantage?.
Answer: motivations, ideas, personalities, and cultural values can not be
copied
◍ human capital.
Answer: what you know (education, experience, and skills)
◍ investing in human capital results in.
Answer: desired performance outcomes
◍ social capital.
Answer: who you know (networks, connections, friends)
◍ •Forming.
Answer: •Initial stage with uncertainty and confusion•Members not sure of
purpose, structure, tasks, etc.
◍ positive psychological capital.
Answer: who you are in terms of confidence, hope, optimism, resiliency,
and who you can become
◍ •Storming.
Answer: •Often emotionally charged stage•Characterized by conflict about
roles and duties
◍ •Norming.
Answer: •Stage where group settles into cooperation and
collaboration•Characterized by high cohesion
◍ •Performing.
Answer: •Fully functioning stage•Members focused on effective task
completion
◍ paradigm.
Answer: broad model, a framework, a way of thinking, or a scheme for
understanding reality
, ◍ paradigm effect.
Answer: situation arises in which those in the existing paradigm may not
even see the changes occurring, let alone reason and draw logical inferences
and perceptions about the change
◍ What explains why there is resistance to change.
Answer: paradigm effect
◍ •Adjourning.
Answer: •End of the group for temporary groups•Disbands or has new
composition and starts stages over again
◍ Management has 3 major dimensions.
Answer: technical, conceptual, and human
◍ •Economics.
Answer: •Individuals take advantage of group incentive pay plan
◍ Sources that seem to prevent the majority of managers from effective
implementation and sustainability.
Answer: hollow talk, debilitating fear, destructive internal competition,
poorly designed and complex measurement systems, and mindless reliance
on precedent
◍ •Security.
Answer: •Individuals join group for united front
◍ Evidence based management.
Answer: translating principles based on best evidence into organizational
practice
◍ •Social.
Answer: •Individuals have a strong desire for affiliation
◍ •Punctuated Equilibrium Model.
Answer: •Target or mission set that is not easily altered because of inertia;
characterized by equilibrium•Recognition that tactics must change for
mission achievement; characterized by punctuated bursts of activity to