FES WRITTEN ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ NMES: muscular strengthening (attemps? evidence? pathologies usedful
for?).
Answer: 1. attempts to mimic voluntary contractions2. evidence supports
NMES use for strengthening weakened muscules -increases muscule
size-improves motor unit recruitment3. beneficial for early phases of rehab
for ACL reconstruction and TKA
◍ What stage of shoulder subluxation is FES most effective? What should be
avoided?.
Answer: acute stages of rehabavoid upper trap stimulation
◍ Biofeedback + FES.
Answer: 1. Pt volitionally activates a muscle to reach a targeted EMG
amplitude 2. FES can complete the remainder of the motion
◍ FES for Exercise.
Answer: mainly for SCI patientscan be used during cycling (both UE and
LE)-stimulation to quads, glutes, hamstrings-improves CV fitness, muscle
size, fat free tissue, bone density, LE circulationcan be used for rowing, a
newer technique
◍ NMES smooth or jerky contraction?.
Answer: jerky contraction
◍ FES for Ambulation (assists what, replaces what, how to do, beneficial for
what).
Answer: dorsiflexion assist during swing phase-keep foot in balanced
dorsiflexion (slight eversion is ok)-can replace AFO for toe clearance-either
remote switch or heel switch for activation-shown to be beneficial for those
with CVA, TBI, SCI, CP, and MS
,◍ what are complications of upper GI endoscopy.
Answer: cardiopulmonary complications a/w sedation and analgesia, oxygen
desat (up to 70%), perforation (0.03%), mortality (0.001%)
◍ isoosmotic prep are safe for which patients.
Answer: pts with electrolytes imbalance, liver disease, CHF, renal failure
◍ NMES: strengthening recommendation.
Answer: >50% MVC (max voluntary contraction)
◍ EMS of Denervated Muscles.
Answer: depolarization of sarcolemma-different parameters needed when
compared to NMES-prognosis for strengthening not as good as for those
with innervated muscle-research is conflicting
◍ Voluntary contractions vs Estim contractions.
Answer: voluntary-asynchronus recruitment-additional motor untis recruited
at fatigueestim-non-selective and spatially fixed-temporally synchronus
pattern of recruitment
◍ minor complications a/w PEG/PEJ.
Answer: wound infection, tube dysfunction, drainage of enteric contents or
tube feeds from around the tube site
◍ hemoglobin levels and serum electrolytes are.
Answer: not indicate in the absence of a history suggestive of anemia
◍ 3 limitations for NMES.
Answer: 1. ↑ fatigability can account for greater muscle soreness, limit in
amount of training2. ↑ DOMS3. limited number of muscle groups can be
trained-only single-joint activity
◍ techniques to decrease post ERCP pancreatitis.
Answer: selective bile duct cannulation w/ guidewire, stenting pancreatic
dut w/ stent or guidewire for difficult CBD cannulation, limiting contrast
injection into the pancreatic duct
◍ shoulder subluxation (prevalence).
, Answer: occurs in up to 80% of CVA patients within a few weeks secondary
to flaccid muscles
◍ Summary.
Answer: •NMES can be used to strengthen weakened muscle, especially in
early stages of rehab•EMS can be used to attempt strengthening of
denervated muscle, although evidence shows conflicting
results•Biofeedback is a useful tool for helping to facilitate/inhibit skeletal
muscle activity•There are many different uses for NMES and FES in
patients with neurological conditions•Research is mostly preliminary for use
of these techniques •FES and NMES can improve function and QOL
◍ CBD stone removal w/ the lowest moridity.
Answer: lap transcystic CBD exploration
◍ What is the depth of impact for argon plasma?.
Answer: 2mm
◍ FES for Upper Extremity Function.
Answer: use following CVA, TBI, CP, and SCI
◍ cancer detection rate of brush biopsy.
Answer: 20-60%
◍ NMES: strengthening parameters (specific: waveform, pulse duration,
frequency, amplitude, ramp up, duty cycles, treatment time, duration).
Answer: waveform: symmetrical vs asymmetrical biphasic PC/Russianpulse
duration: 200-800 microsecondsfrequency: 50-80ppsamplitude: >50%
MVCramp-up/ramp-down: 1-5sec / 1-2secduty cycle: 1:3 - 1:5 ratio (max
on time 10sec)treatment time: 10-20 STRONG contractions,
1hr/dayduration: 3-5x/week for 4-8 weeks
◍ removal timing for pancreatic duct stent.
Answer: 3 weeks
◍ patient positioning for upper endoscopy.
Answer: left side down, head slightly up.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ NMES: muscular strengthening (attemps? evidence? pathologies usedful
for?).
Answer: 1. attempts to mimic voluntary contractions2. evidence supports
NMES use for strengthening weakened muscules -increases muscule
size-improves motor unit recruitment3. beneficial for early phases of rehab
for ACL reconstruction and TKA
◍ What stage of shoulder subluxation is FES most effective? What should be
avoided?.
Answer: acute stages of rehabavoid upper trap stimulation
◍ Biofeedback + FES.
Answer: 1. Pt volitionally activates a muscle to reach a targeted EMG
amplitude 2. FES can complete the remainder of the motion
◍ FES for Exercise.
Answer: mainly for SCI patientscan be used during cycling (both UE and
LE)-stimulation to quads, glutes, hamstrings-improves CV fitness, muscle
size, fat free tissue, bone density, LE circulationcan be used for rowing, a
newer technique
◍ NMES smooth or jerky contraction?.
Answer: jerky contraction
◍ FES for Ambulation (assists what, replaces what, how to do, beneficial for
what).
Answer: dorsiflexion assist during swing phase-keep foot in balanced
dorsiflexion (slight eversion is ok)-can replace AFO for toe clearance-either
remote switch or heel switch for activation-shown to be beneficial for those
with CVA, TBI, SCI, CP, and MS
,◍ what are complications of upper GI endoscopy.
Answer: cardiopulmonary complications a/w sedation and analgesia, oxygen
desat (up to 70%), perforation (0.03%), mortality (0.001%)
◍ isoosmotic prep are safe for which patients.
Answer: pts with electrolytes imbalance, liver disease, CHF, renal failure
◍ NMES: strengthening recommendation.
Answer: >50% MVC (max voluntary contraction)
◍ EMS of Denervated Muscles.
Answer: depolarization of sarcolemma-different parameters needed when
compared to NMES-prognosis for strengthening not as good as for those
with innervated muscle-research is conflicting
◍ Voluntary contractions vs Estim contractions.
Answer: voluntary-asynchronus recruitment-additional motor untis recruited
at fatigueestim-non-selective and spatially fixed-temporally synchronus
pattern of recruitment
◍ minor complications a/w PEG/PEJ.
Answer: wound infection, tube dysfunction, drainage of enteric contents or
tube feeds from around the tube site
◍ hemoglobin levels and serum electrolytes are.
Answer: not indicate in the absence of a history suggestive of anemia
◍ 3 limitations for NMES.
Answer: 1. ↑ fatigability can account for greater muscle soreness, limit in
amount of training2. ↑ DOMS3. limited number of muscle groups can be
trained-only single-joint activity
◍ techniques to decrease post ERCP pancreatitis.
Answer: selective bile duct cannulation w/ guidewire, stenting pancreatic
dut w/ stent or guidewire for difficult CBD cannulation, limiting contrast
injection into the pancreatic duct
◍ shoulder subluxation (prevalence).
, Answer: occurs in up to 80% of CVA patients within a few weeks secondary
to flaccid muscles
◍ Summary.
Answer: •NMES can be used to strengthen weakened muscle, especially in
early stages of rehab•EMS can be used to attempt strengthening of
denervated muscle, although evidence shows conflicting
results•Biofeedback is a useful tool for helping to facilitate/inhibit skeletal
muscle activity•There are many different uses for NMES and FES in
patients with neurological conditions•Research is mostly preliminary for use
of these techniques •FES and NMES can improve function and QOL
◍ CBD stone removal w/ the lowest moridity.
Answer: lap transcystic CBD exploration
◍ What is the depth of impact for argon plasma?.
Answer: 2mm
◍ FES for Upper Extremity Function.
Answer: use following CVA, TBI, CP, and SCI
◍ cancer detection rate of brush biopsy.
Answer: 20-60%
◍ NMES: strengthening parameters (specific: waveform, pulse duration,
frequency, amplitude, ramp up, duty cycles, treatment time, duration).
Answer: waveform: symmetrical vs asymmetrical biphasic PC/Russianpulse
duration: 200-800 microsecondsfrequency: 50-80ppsamplitude: >50%
MVCramp-up/ramp-down: 1-5sec / 1-2secduty cycle: 1:3 - 1:5 ratio (max
on time 10sec)treatment time: 10-20 STRONG contractions,
1hr/dayduration: 3-5x/week for 4-8 weeks
◍ removal timing for pancreatic duct stent.
Answer: 3 weeks
◍ patient positioning for upper endoscopy.
Answer: left side down, head slightly up.
