FES WRITTEN PRACTICE EXAMINATION
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Describe a ground/floor reaction AFO.
Answer: helps with stance control d/t anterior shellprevents anterior
translation of the tibianot appropriate if there are contractures at knee or hip
◍ Disadvantages of targeted muscle reinnervation (1).
Answer: 1. Requires additional surgery (unless done at time of amputation)
◍ What are some indications for articulating AFOs?.
Answer: allows for more "natural" movement at the anklevery modifiable -
stops, assists, trimline
◍ What is the effect of middle frequency on force generation?.
Answer: Inverse relationship Increase in MF = decrease efficiency/muscle
force generated
◍ A dorsiflexion stop on an articulating AFO can be appropriate to prevent
knee _______.
Answer: flexion
◍ T/F: FES can be used to assist with both stance control and limb swing d/t
its ability to stimulate the common fibularis n..
Answer: falseFES only assists with DF during limb swing, it does NOT
provide any assistance with stance control
◍ What are some pros of FES?.
Answer: easily hiddencan be worn with any shoes / no shoescan help with
DF during limb swing
◍ What are some cons of FES?.
, Answer: expensive!!!inconsistent resultsnot appropriate for everyone
◍ What is an orthosis?.
Answer: external device that facilitates or inhibits movementnamed for the
joint it coverscan be custom or prefabricated
◍ What are some disadvantages of articulating AFOs?.
Answer: custom AFOs are expensiveeejoints can add some weight
◍ Big advantages of FES (1).
Answer: 1. Restores function by stimulating sensorimotor systems both at
the periphery (peripheral nerves) & also centrally by stimulating the brain &
spinal cord directly following brain or spinal cord injury
◍ What frequency is needed to increase hand opening & grasp control
post-stroke?.
Answer: 20,000-30,000 Hz (20 to 30 KHz) to block nerves
◍ Describe the immediate effect of an AFO/FES.
Answer: test without AFO/FESretest immediately after donning AFO/FES
◍ A plantarflexion stop on an articulating AFO can be appropriate to prevent
knee _______.
Answer: hyperextension
◍ A cervical SCI at C7-C8 retains what arm function?.
Answer: -Elbow extension -Flinger flexion
◍ Advantages of targeted muscle reinnervation (6).
Answer: 1. Additional control signals for simultaneous control of more
degrees of freedom2. Control signals are physiologically appropriate (more
natural feel; easier, more intuitive operation)3. Shoulder still available for
controlling other functions 4. No implanted hardware required 5. Can use
existing myoelectric prosthetic technology 6. Regeneration of cutaneous
afferents = anti-phantom pain
◍ Which AFO would be most appropriate for an individual with excessive
knee flexion in stance?.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Describe a ground/floor reaction AFO.
Answer: helps with stance control d/t anterior shellprevents anterior
translation of the tibianot appropriate if there are contractures at knee or hip
◍ Disadvantages of targeted muscle reinnervation (1).
Answer: 1. Requires additional surgery (unless done at time of amputation)
◍ What are some indications for articulating AFOs?.
Answer: allows for more "natural" movement at the anklevery modifiable -
stops, assists, trimline
◍ What is the effect of middle frequency on force generation?.
Answer: Inverse relationship Increase in MF = decrease efficiency/muscle
force generated
◍ A dorsiflexion stop on an articulating AFO can be appropriate to prevent
knee _______.
Answer: flexion
◍ T/F: FES can be used to assist with both stance control and limb swing d/t
its ability to stimulate the common fibularis n..
Answer: falseFES only assists with DF during limb swing, it does NOT
provide any assistance with stance control
◍ What are some pros of FES?.
Answer: easily hiddencan be worn with any shoes / no shoescan help with
DF during limb swing
◍ What are some cons of FES?.
, Answer: expensive!!!inconsistent resultsnot appropriate for everyone
◍ What is an orthosis?.
Answer: external device that facilitates or inhibits movementnamed for the
joint it coverscan be custom or prefabricated
◍ What are some disadvantages of articulating AFOs?.
Answer: custom AFOs are expensiveeejoints can add some weight
◍ Big advantages of FES (1).
Answer: 1. Restores function by stimulating sensorimotor systems both at
the periphery (peripheral nerves) & also centrally by stimulating the brain &
spinal cord directly following brain or spinal cord injury
◍ What frequency is needed to increase hand opening & grasp control
post-stroke?.
Answer: 20,000-30,000 Hz (20 to 30 KHz) to block nerves
◍ Describe the immediate effect of an AFO/FES.
Answer: test without AFO/FESretest immediately after donning AFO/FES
◍ A plantarflexion stop on an articulating AFO can be appropriate to prevent
knee _______.
Answer: hyperextension
◍ A cervical SCI at C7-C8 retains what arm function?.
Answer: -Elbow extension -Flinger flexion
◍ Advantages of targeted muscle reinnervation (6).
Answer: 1. Additional control signals for simultaneous control of more
degrees of freedom2. Control signals are physiologically appropriate (more
natural feel; easier, more intuitive operation)3. Shoulder still available for
controlling other functions 4. No implanted hardware required 5. Can use
existing myoelectric prosthetic technology 6. Regeneration of cutaneous
afferents = anti-phantom pain
◍ Which AFO would be most appropriate for an individual with excessive
knee flexion in stance?.
