FSHN 350 – Lipid Exam 3 Study Guide – Comprehensive Review Material
lipids - ANS ✔✔a diverse group of compounds, Category of macronutrient is referred to as FAT
in the DRIs
lipids contain - ANS ✔✔carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
lipid is hydrophobic which means - ANS ✔✔Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Gives lipids unique roles in body
AMDR recommends __% of fat for healthy adults everyday - ANS ✔✔20-35%
lipid bodily functions - ANS ✔✔Energy source and storage Insulation
Satiety (slow gastric emptying) Structural components of cell membranes
Synthesis of bile acid, vitamin D, steroids, & eicosanoids
Transport of fat-soluble nutrients in the blood
classification of lipids - ANS ✔✔triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesteryl ester
simple lipids - ANS ✔✔Fats or triglycerides
Contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis
examples: monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides
monoglyceride - ANS ✔✔a glycerol molecule with one fatty acid attached
diglyceride - ANS ✔✔glycerol + 2 fatty acids
,sterol esters - ANS ✔✔cholesterol + fatty acid esters
ester 5 bond on the free FA
phospholipid - ANS ✔✔a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in
cell membranes
derived lipids - ANS ✔✔sterols (choelestrol)
when we store fat we are storing it in the form - ANS ✔✔triglycerides
cholesterol (sub-category of sterol) - ANS ✔✔the sterol form of a lipid found in the human body
important for sex steroids and vitamind D
not used for energy production
compounds lipids - ANS ✔✔phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins
contain something other than O, C or H
lipoprotein structure - ANS ✔✔Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids (triglycerides,
phospholipid, cholesetrol and cholesteryl esters) in their core and more polar amphipathic lipids
(phospholipids and free cholesterol) at their surface
They also contain one or more specific proteins, called apolipoproteins, on their surfaces.
spherical particle contains of lipoprotein - ANS ✔✔Generalized structure of a plasma
lipoprotein.
- neutral lipids (TAGs & CE) in interior
-phospholipids, cholesterol, & protein at the surface.
,lipoproteins contain the same components but in different - ANS ✔✔proportions
lipoproteins are formed by - ANS ✔✔phospholipid surrounding the structure
lipoproteins can carry lipids through water because - ANS ✔✔the phosphate is on the outside
lipid structure - ANS ✔✔structure --> function --> health
fatty acids - ANS ✔✔simplest of the lipids-hydrocarbon chain of varying lengths
-amphipathic with a non-polar, hydrophobic tail and polar hydrophilic heads
lipids are not generally water-soluble due to - ANS ✔✔the large portion of their structure that is
hydrocarbon
fatty acid has a - ANS ✔✔non-polar / hydrocarbon tail and a polar (hydrophilic) head group
fatty acids structure - ANS ✔✔carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains
contain from 4 to 36 carbons
natural fatty acids have an even number of carbons and are unbranched
saturated chain tends to adopt extended conformations
two ends of a fatty acid - ANS ✔✔-the carboxylic, delta or alpha end and the methyl or omega
end
stearic acid - ANS ✔✔18:0
zero double bonds
, animal fat, chocolate
long chain FA
most common carbon chain in foods - ANS ✔✔long chain fatty acid
≥14 carbons is most important nutritionally/functionally
Take longer to digest, absorb, transport than short- or medium-chain
structure of fatty acids vary by: - ANS ✔✔Length of the carbon chain: (most common: 12-24C)
short chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔equal or less than 8C
medium chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔8-12 carbons
long chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔more than 12 carbons
caprylic acid - ANS ✔✔8 carbons
coconut oil
capric acid - ANS ✔✔10 carbons
coconut oil
lauric acid - ANS ✔✔12 carbons
palm kernel
butyric acid - ANS ✔✔4:0
butter
lipids - ANS ✔✔a diverse group of compounds, Category of macronutrient is referred to as FAT
in the DRIs
lipids contain - ANS ✔✔carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
lipid is hydrophobic which means - ANS ✔✔Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Gives lipids unique roles in body
AMDR recommends __% of fat for healthy adults everyday - ANS ✔✔20-35%
lipid bodily functions - ANS ✔✔Energy source and storage Insulation
Satiety (slow gastric emptying) Structural components of cell membranes
Synthesis of bile acid, vitamin D, steroids, & eicosanoids
Transport of fat-soluble nutrients in the blood
classification of lipids - ANS ✔✔triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesteryl ester
simple lipids - ANS ✔✔Fats or triglycerides
Contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis
examples: monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides
monoglyceride - ANS ✔✔a glycerol molecule with one fatty acid attached
diglyceride - ANS ✔✔glycerol + 2 fatty acids
,sterol esters - ANS ✔✔cholesterol + fatty acid esters
ester 5 bond on the free FA
phospholipid - ANS ✔✔a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in
cell membranes
derived lipids - ANS ✔✔sterols (choelestrol)
when we store fat we are storing it in the form - ANS ✔✔triglycerides
cholesterol (sub-category of sterol) - ANS ✔✔the sterol form of a lipid found in the human body
important for sex steroids and vitamind D
not used for energy production
compounds lipids - ANS ✔✔phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins
contain something other than O, C or H
lipoprotein structure - ANS ✔✔Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids (triglycerides,
phospholipid, cholesetrol and cholesteryl esters) in their core and more polar amphipathic lipids
(phospholipids and free cholesterol) at their surface
They also contain one or more specific proteins, called apolipoproteins, on their surfaces.
spherical particle contains of lipoprotein - ANS ✔✔Generalized structure of a plasma
lipoprotein.
- neutral lipids (TAGs & CE) in interior
-phospholipids, cholesterol, & protein at the surface.
,lipoproteins contain the same components but in different - ANS ✔✔proportions
lipoproteins are formed by - ANS ✔✔phospholipid surrounding the structure
lipoproteins can carry lipids through water because - ANS ✔✔the phosphate is on the outside
lipid structure - ANS ✔✔structure --> function --> health
fatty acids - ANS ✔✔simplest of the lipids-hydrocarbon chain of varying lengths
-amphipathic with a non-polar, hydrophobic tail and polar hydrophilic heads
lipids are not generally water-soluble due to - ANS ✔✔the large portion of their structure that is
hydrocarbon
fatty acid has a - ANS ✔✔non-polar / hydrocarbon tail and a polar (hydrophilic) head group
fatty acids structure - ANS ✔✔carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains
contain from 4 to 36 carbons
natural fatty acids have an even number of carbons and are unbranched
saturated chain tends to adopt extended conformations
two ends of a fatty acid - ANS ✔✔-the carboxylic, delta or alpha end and the methyl or omega
end
stearic acid - ANS ✔✔18:0
zero double bonds
, animal fat, chocolate
long chain FA
most common carbon chain in foods - ANS ✔✔long chain fatty acid
≥14 carbons is most important nutritionally/functionally
Take longer to digest, absorb, transport than short- or medium-chain
structure of fatty acids vary by: - ANS ✔✔Length of the carbon chain: (most common: 12-24C)
short chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔equal or less than 8C
medium chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔8-12 carbons
long chain fatty acid - ANS ✔✔more than 12 carbons
caprylic acid - ANS ✔✔8 carbons
coconut oil
capric acid - ANS ✔✔10 carbons
coconut oil
lauric acid - ANS ✔✔12 carbons
palm kernel
butyric acid - ANS ✔✔4:0
butter
