FSHN Exam #1 – Food Science and Human Nutrition – Review Notes and Practice
Material
What are nutrients? - ✔✔- Chemical substance in foods
- Vital for growth and maintenance
- Some nutrients are essential
What is an essential nutrient? - ✔✔Essentiality: basic, indispensable, necessary
Definition of an Essential Nutrient:
- Must be obtained from your diet
- Body cannot make them at all/adequate amounts
- Body requires these
What are the basic essential nutrients? - ✔✔- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Some Fatty Acids: w3 and w6 fatty acids
- Some Amino Acids: our bodies can synthesize some amino acids
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Glucose
What is the basic unit of lipids? - ✔✔Fatty acid. Most lipids are triglycerides. Body fat is made
up of triglycerides.
What is the basic unit of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
,What are the different types of nutrients? - ✔✔- Carbohydrates (sugars, starches, fiber)
- Lipids (Fats and oils)
- Proteins (meat, fish, dairy, nuts)
- Vitamins (vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin)
- Minerals (iron, calcium, potassium)
- Water
What are the three major functions of nutrients? - ✔✔- Provide energy
- Form body structures
- Regulate physiological processes
What are the key base units in nutrition? - ✔✔- Meter: Length
- Liter: Volume
- Grams: Mass
1 oz = _______ - ✔✔28 grams (1 small paper clip)
1 pound = __________ - ✔✔454 grams
1 kg = __________ - ✔✔2.2 pounds
1 fl oz = _________ = _________ - ✔✔30 ml = 2 tablespoons
1 liter ~ ______ = _________ = ______ - ✔✔1 quart = 32 fl oz = 4 cups
, 1 meter = _______ - ✔✔29.4 inches
1 inch = _____ = ______ - ✔✔2.54 cm = 25.4 mm
How do you calculate nutrient density? - ✔✔Comparison of nutrient with energy in specific
food (g/mg)/Amount of nutrient amount of energy (kcal)
*Choose foods with high nutrient density
What is malnutrition? - ✔✔Condition resulting from energy or nutrient intake above or below
normal
- Undernutrition: intake does not meet body's needs
- Overnutrition: intake exceeds body's needs
Choosing wisely
What are DRIs? - ✔✔Dietary Reference Intakes
- Daily nutrient intake levels from foods
- Based on Normal Healthy People
- Divided into age groups
- Male vs. Female
What are the most common DRIs? - ✔✔- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Amount of
daily of a nutrient that meets the needs of most healthy people
- Adequate Intake (AI): Similar to RDA, but based on less rigorous data
What is the UL? - ✔✔- Tolerant Upper Intake Level: Maximum daily nutrient intake that's safe
to consume (food + supplements)
Material
What are nutrients? - ✔✔- Chemical substance in foods
- Vital for growth and maintenance
- Some nutrients are essential
What is an essential nutrient? - ✔✔Essentiality: basic, indispensable, necessary
Definition of an Essential Nutrient:
- Must be obtained from your diet
- Body cannot make them at all/adequate amounts
- Body requires these
What are the basic essential nutrients? - ✔✔- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Some Fatty Acids: w3 and w6 fatty acids
- Some Amino Acids: our bodies can synthesize some amino acids
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Glucose
What is the basic unit of lipids? - ✔✔Fatty acid. Most lipids are triglycerides. Body fat is made
up of triglycerides.
What is the basic unit of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
,What are the different types of nutrients? - ✔✔- Carbohydrates (sugars, starches, fiber)
- Lipids (Fats and oils)
- Proteins (meat, fish, dairy, nuts)
- Vitamins (vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin)
- Minerals (iron, calcium, potassium)
- Water
What are the three major functions of nutrients? - ✔✔- Provide energy
- Form body structures
- Regulate physiological processes
What are the key base units in nutrition? - ✔✔- Meter: Length
- Liter: Volume
- Grams: Mass
1 oz = _______ - ✔✔28 grams (1 small paper clip)
1 pound = __________ - ✔✔454 grams
1 kg = __________ - ✔✔2.2 pounds
1 fl oz = _________ = _________ - ✔✔30 ml = 2 tablespoons
1 liter ~ ______ = _________ = ______ - ✔✔1 quart = 32 fl oz = 4 cups
, 1 meter = _______ - ✔✔29.4 inches
1 inch = _____ = ______ - ✔✔2.54 cm = 25.4 mm
How do you calculate nutrient density? - ✔✔Comparison of nutrient with energy in specific
food (g/mg)/Amount of nutrient amount of energy (kcal)
*Choose foods with high nutrient density
What is malnutrition? - ✔✔Condition resulting from energy or nutrient intake above or below
normal
- Undernutrition: intake does not meet body's needs
- Overnutrition: intake exceeds body's needs
Choosing wisely
What are DRIs? - ✔✔Dietary Reference Intakes
- Daily nutrient intake levels from foods
- Based on Normal Healthy People
- Divided into age groups
- Male vs. Female
What are the most common DRIs? - ✔✔- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Amount of
daily of a nutrient that meets the needs of most healthy people
- Adequate Intake (AI): Similar to RDA, but based on less rigorous data
What is the UL? - ✔✔- Tolerant Upper Intake Level: Maximum daily nutrient intake that's safe
to consume (food + supplements)
