FSHN 101 Exam 1 – Food Science and Human Nutrition – Review Notes and
Practice Material
explain the benefits of the deep approach to learning, compared to the surface and strategic
approaches - ANS ✔✔Surface: Learners who adopt a surface approach are focused on
reproducing the material they are learning, rather than on understanding the material. Rely on
memorization, formulas, and example problems. Learner is motivated by fear of failure.
Strategic: In this approach to learning, the learner has the intention to achieve a positive
outcome, usually related to passing a course or obtaining a high grade. Learners who adopt this
approach usually pay close attention to grading criteria and organizing their time in order to get
the most "bang for the buck" in terms of grades. Learner is motivated by achievement.
****Deep: the learner has the intention to develop their own understanding of the material.
Often this approach requires learners to critically analyze new ideas, link these new ideas to
concepts that they are already know, and extract meaning from the material. A deep approach
to learning is associated with long-term retention of knowledge and being able to apply known
concepts to solve new problems. Learner is motivated by interest.
implement the LSU Study Cycle to enhance their learning and retention of course material - ANS
✔✔Preview: skim the chapter and notes before attending class
Attend: GO TO CLASS! Ask questions and take meaningful notes
Review: Within 24 hours, review notes, fill in questions, and develop questions that need
answering.
Study: Repetition is key. Intense study sessions (3-5 short study sessions per day). Weekend
review (Read notes and material from the week to make connections)
Assess: Periodically perform reality checks. Am i using methods that are effective? Do I
understand the material enough to teach it to others?
discuss the factors (e.g., diet, genetics, M/F, exercise, life style, age, pregnant, lactating,
environment, etc.,) that effect an individuals health status - ANS ✔✔
,explain why nutritional adequacy must be thought of as a distribution rather than a single value
(Figure 2/3.1) - ANS ✔✔
recall the 4 states of nutritional health and identify which of these is most concerning in
America today - ANS ✔✔**1. Overnutrition: dietary excesses of nutrients and calories
2. Desirable Status: sufficient amounts of nutrients and calories
3. Undernutrition: nutrient and calories stores depleted
4. State of body deficiency: reduced biochemical function and clinical symptoms
explain the "new" state of nutritional health termed the "obesity-malnutrition paradox" - ANS
✔✔overfed but undernourished.
Eating a lot of calories but not getting it from healthy foods (lots of sugar)
identify the name of the organization which is responsible for developing the RDA's and the
DRI's and briefly describe why the RDA values were originally formed - ANS ✔✔Food and
nutrition board. RDA values were formed for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
describe how the RDA's (or AI) for energy (at the average) and nutrient (two standard deviations
above the average) requirements for Americans were established using Figure 2/3.1 - ANS ✔✔
define and explain the significance of the terms DRI, EAR, RDA, AI, and UL in words and using
Figures 2/3.2 - ANS ✔✔DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes are reference values that are quantitative
estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
They include RDA values and three other types of reference values, EAR, AI, and UL.
EAR: he average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half (50%) the
healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
, RDA: The average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement
of nearly all (97.5%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group (RDAs = EAR +
2SD)
AI: The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally
determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently
healthy people that are assumed to be adequate, used when an RDA cannot be determined
UL: The highest level of nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effect for
almost all individuals in the specified population. As intake increases above the UL, the risk of
adverse effects increases
correctly use and interpret each of the current DRI Tables (e.g., use the Tables to answer
questions like we did in class with the Microtheme 1) - ANS ✔✔
explain the new philosophy being used to update the DRIs (moving from updating on a time
frame basis [e.g., every 5 years] to up dating only those nutrient values that that come into
question because of new research findings) - ANS ✔✔
identify the issues related to the DRI's that still need to be considered - ANS ✔✔1. Values for
persons with disease state?
2. Values for possibly reducing the risk of chronic diseases
3. Nutrient interrelationship?
assess the credibility of sources of information and use scientific evidence (obtained via the
Scientific Method) to inform their opinion's on food and health related issues (discussed in
regards to the Section Primer 1) - ANS ✔✔
define the term "calorie" and state how it is related to the "Calorie" and the "kilocalorie (kcal)" -
ANS ✔✔calorie = the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water by 1
degree Celsius (oC)
Practice Material
explain the benefits of the deep approach to learning, compared to the surface and strategic
approaches - ANS ✔✔Surface: Learners who adopt a surface approach are focused on
reproducing the material they are learning, rather than on understanding the material. Rely on
memorization, formulas, and example problems. Learner is motivated by fear of failure.
Strategic: In this approach to learning, the learner has the intention to achieve a positive
outcome, usually related to passing a course or obtaining a high grade. Learners who adopt this
approach usually pay close attention to grading criteria and organizing their time in order to get
the most "bang for the buck" in terms of grades. Learner is motivated by achievement.
****Deep: the learner has the intention to develop their own understanding of the material.
Often this approach requires learners to critically analyze new ideas, link these new ideas to
concepts that they are already know, and extract meaning from the material. A deep approach
to learning is associated with long-term retention of knowledge and being able to apply known
concepts to solve new problems. Learner is motivated by interest.
implement the LSU Study Cycle to enhance their learning and retention of course material - ANS
✔✔Preview: skim the chapter and notes before attending class
Attend: GO TO CLASS! Ask questions and take meaningful notes
Review: Within 24 hours, review notes, fill in questions, and develop questions that need
answering.
Study: Repetition is key. Intense study sessions (3-5 short study sessions per day). Weekend
review (Read notes and material from the week to make connections)
Assess: Periodically perform reality checks. Am i using methods that are effective? Do I
understand the material enough to teach it to others?
discuss the factors (e.g., diet, genetics, M/F, exercise, life style, age, pregnant, lactating,
environment, etc.,) that effect an individuals health status - ANS ✔✔
,explain why nutritional adequacy must be thought of as a distribution rather than a single value
(Figure 2/3.1) - ANS ✔✔
recall the 4 states of nutritional health and identify which of these is most concerning in
America today - ANS ✔✔**1. Overnutrition: dietary excesses of nutrients and calories
2. Desirable Status: sufficient amounts of nutrients and calories
3. Undernutrition: nutrient and calories stores depleted
4. State of body deficiency: reduced biochemical function and clinical symptoms
explain the "new" state of nutritional health termed the "obesity-malnutrition paradox" - ANS
✔✔overfed but undernourished.
Eating a lot of calories but not getting it from healthy foods (lots of sugar)
identify the name of the organization which is responsible for developing the RDA's and the
DRI's and briefly describe why the RDA values were originally formed - ANS ✔✔Food and
nutrition board. RDA values were formed for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
describe how the RDA's (or AI) for energy (at the average) and nutrient (two standard deviations
above the average) requirements for Americans were established using Figure 2/3.1 - ANS ✔✔
define and explain the significance of the terms DRI, EAR, RDA, AI, and UL in words and using
Figures 2/3.2 - ANS ✔✔DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes are reference values that are quantitative
estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
They include RDA values and three other types of reference values, EAR, AI, and UL.
EAR: he average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half (50%) the
healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
, RDA: The average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement
of nearly all (97.5%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group (RDAs = EAR +
2SD)
AI: The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally
determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently
healthy people that are assumed to be adequate, used when an RDA cannot be determined
UL: The highest level of nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effect for
almost all individuals in the specified population. As intake increases above the UL, the risk of
adverse effects increases
correctly use and interpret each of the current DRI Tables (e.g., use the Tables to answer
questions like we did in class with the Microtheme 1) - ANS ✔✔
explain the new philosophy being used to update the DRIs (moving from updating on a time
frame basis [e.g., every 5 years] to up dating only those nutrient values that that come into
question because of new research findings) - ANS ✔✔
identify the issues related to the DRI's that still need to be considered - ANS ✔✔1. Values for
persons with disease state?
2. Values for possibly reducing the risk of chronic diseases
3. Nutrient interrelationship?
assess the credibility of sources of information and use scientific evidence (obtained via the
Scientific Method) to inform their opinion's on food and health related issues (discussed in
regards to the Section Primer 1) - ANS ✔✔
define the term "calorie" and state how it is related to the "Calorie" and the "kilocalorie (kcal)" -
ANS ✔✔calorie = the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water by 1
degree Celsius (oC)
