FSHN 360 Exam 3 – Food Science and Human Nutrition – Review Notes and
Practice Material
Riboflavin - ✔✔Electron donor & acceptor
Oxidative-reduction reactions
Niacin - ✔✔One active form contains a phosphate group one does not
Phosphorylated form involved in fatty acid synthesis
Thiamin - ✔✔Requires 2 phosphate groups
Oxidative decarboxylation
Biotin - ✔✔Protein (enzyme)-bound
Carboxylation
B12 - ✔✔Contains cobalt (Co) to be active
Two known rxns: methylation and isomerization
Pantothenic Acid - ✔✔Coenzyme A form
Can acetylate proteins
Folate - ✔✔Reduced and polyglutamated
1-carbon transfer reactions
Vitamin C - ✔✔Similar in structure to glucose
Hydroxylation
, B6 - ✔✔Forms a Schiff-base
Transamination
T/F Pellagra symptoms may appear during B6 deficiency, because it is required in the process of
obtaining niacin from tryptophan. - ✔✔True
T/F B-carotene is a better source of Vitamin A because we get 2 molecules of retinol when it is
metabolized in the enterocyte (i.e. B-carotene is essentially 2 molecules of retinol linked
together) - ✔✔False, only 1/6 is absorbed and half of that is converted to retinol
T/F Water-soluble vitamins are not stored, but readily excreted-the one exception is that we can
store B12 in the liver. - ✔✔True
T/F Megaloblastic anemia and microcytic anemia are two different conditions, as they are the
result of folate deficiency and B12 deficiency, respectively. - ✔✔False, microcytic anemia is a
B6 deficiency
T/F Typically, water-soluble vitamins require a transport protein to cross plasma membranes and
enter cells - ✔✔True
T/F The primary role of vitamin C is as an oxidizing agent to restore the mineral component of
specific enzymes to their reduced state. - ✔✔False, vitamin C is a reducing agent
T/F High levels of homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) in the circulation and urine have been
implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease. - ✔✔True
T/F Epigenetics includes DNA methylation and the posttranslational modification of histones,
both which can alter gene transcription. - ✔✔True
Practice Material
Riboflavin - ✔✔Electron donor & acceptor
Oxidative-reduction reactions
Niacin - ✔✔One active form contains a phosphate group one does not
Phosphorylated form involved in fatty acid synthesis
Thiamin - ✔✔Requires 2 phosphate groups
Oxidative decarboxylation
Biotin - ✔✔Protein (enzyme)-bound
Carboxylation
B12 - ✔✔Contains cobalt (Co) to be active
Two known rxns: methylation and isomerization
Pantothenic Acid - ✔✔Coenzyme A form
Can acetylate proteins
Folate - ✔✔Reduced and polyglutamated
1-carbon transfer reactions
Vitamin C - ✔✔Similar in structure to glucose
Hydroxylation
, B6 - ✔✔Forms a Schiff-base
Transamination
T/F Pellagra symptoms may appear during B6 deficiency, because it is required in the process of
obtaining niacin from tryptophan. - ✔✔True
T/F B-carotene is a better source of Vitamin A because we get 2 molecules of retinol when it is
metabolized in the enterocyte (i.e. B-carotene is essentially 2 molecules of retinol linked
together) - ✔✔False, only 1/6 is absorbed and half of that is converted to retinol
T/F Water-soluble vitamins are not stored, but readily excreted-the one exception is that we can
store B12 in the liver. - ✔✔True
T/F Megaloblastic anemia and microcytic anemia are two different conditions, as they are the
result of folate deficiency and B12 deficiency, respectively. - ✔✔False, microcytic anemia is a
B6 deficiency
T/F Typically, water-soluble vitamins require a transport protein to cross plasma membranes and
enter cells - ✔✔True
T/F The primary role of vitamin C is as an oxidizing agent to restore the mineral component of
specific enzymes to their reduced state. - ✔✔False, vitamin C is a reducing agent
T/F High levels of homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) in the circulation and urine have been
implicated in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular disease. - ✔✔True
T/F Epigenetics includes DNA methylation and the posttranslational modification of histones,
both which can alter gene transcription. - ✔✔True
