NSG 3850 PATHO EXAM 1 VERSION B |100 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS |
2026 LATEST UPDATED | GET A+
1. 2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?: True
2. Where is the extracellular fluid?: - between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
3. When ADH is low, urine volume is: high
4. When aldosterone is high, urine volume is: low
5. ADH is the "____ water" hormone.: free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water
6. Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.: salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium 7. BNP is
synthesized and released from ventricular cells when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES abnormally, as in::
heart failure.
8. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________ in _________.: excretion, urine
9. Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone makes a smaller volume of urine and ___________
extracellular fluid volume.: expands 10. Water moves in and out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane?: osmosis
No!
11. A gain of more water than salt is called: *gain water: dilutional hyponatremia
12. A loss of more salt than water is called:
, *lose salt: depletional hyponatremia
13. Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine?: Increases 14. I have low ionized calcium
levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion
or FFP because of:: citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
15. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:: low
levels of calcium
16. With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na channels are less stable. Making them more likely to open
up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes neurons more:: excitable!
*which means tetany occurs
17 PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hyperparathyroidism will have:: higher levels of calcium
18. The decreased neuromuscular excitability in hypercalcemia is caused by:: elevation of threshold potential of
excitable cells.
19. Chronic alcoholism is a major risk factor for which electrolyte imbalance?: Hypomagnesemia
20. Acetylcholine causes muscles to:: contract.
21. Mg in extracellular fluid usually depresses release of acetylcholine. Therefore if too few Mg ions are present,
muscles will:: contract
*this is due to neuromuscular excitability
22. Too much Mg, causes acetylcholine to rarely be released causing muscular:: depression
23. Phosphate is an important component of ATP. Since ATP is a major source of energy, if we have low phosphate
we are more likely to be:: weak 24. Pt's with hyperphosphatemia and kidney dx are likely to have to
______________ salts in soft tissues of the body. Leading to aching, stiffness in joints, itching, and conjunctivitis.:
phosphate
2026 LATEST UPDATED | GET A+
1. 2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?: True
2. Where is the extracellular fluid?: - between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
3. When ADH is low, urine volume is: high
4. When aldosterone is high, urine volume is: low
5. ADH is the "____ water" hormone.: free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water
6. Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.: salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium 7. BNP is
synthesized and released from ventricular cells when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES abnormally, as in::
heart failure.
8. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________ in _________.: excretion, urine
9. Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone makes a smaller volume of urine and ___________
extracellular fluid volume.: expands 10. Water moves in and out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane?: osmosis
No!
11. A gain of more water than salt is called: *gain water: dilutional hyponatremia
12. A loss of more salt than water is called:
, *lose salt: depletional hyponatremia
13. Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine?: Increases 14. I have low ionized calcium
levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion
or FFP because of:: citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
15. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:: low
levels of calcium
16. With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na channels are less stable. Making them more likely to open
up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes neurons more:: excitable!
*which means tetany occurs
17 PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hyperparathyroidism will have:: higher levels of calcium
18. The decreased neuromuscular excitability in hypercalcemia is caused by:: elevation of threshold potential of
excitable cells.
19. Chronic alcoholism is a major risk factor for which electrolyte imbalance?: Hypomagnesemia
20. Acetylcholine causes muscles to:: contract.
21. Mg in extracellular fluid usually depresses release of acetylcholine. Therefore if too few Mg ions are present,
muscles will:: contract
*this is due to neuromuscular excitability
22. Too much Mg, causes acetylcholine to rarely be released causing muscular:: depression
23. Phosphate is an important component of ATP. Since ATP is a major source of energy, if we have low phosphate
we are more likely to be:: weak 24. Pt's with hyperphosphatemia and kidney dx are likely to have to
______________ salts in soft tissues of the body. Leading to aching, stiffness in joints, itching, and conjunctivitis.:
phosphate
