NU 155 EXAM 3 HARWELL- GALEN SA
What-is-afterload?---ans-✔✔resistance-left-ventricle-must-overcome-to-circulate-blood
What-is-stable-angina?---ans-✔✔excerise-induced-chest-pain-relieved-by-rest-or-
nitroglycerin
What-is-unstable-angina?---ans-✔✔Severe-chest-pain-at-rest-that-lasts->-15-minutes,-may-
not-be-relieved-by-nitroglycerin,-treated-at-hospital-with-MONA--Morphine,-Oxygen,-Nitro,-
Aspirin
What-is-the-difference-between-left-sided-heart-failure-and-right-sided-heart-failure?---ans-
✔✔Left-sided-heart-failure-backs-up-into-the-pulmonary-system.-It-causes-anxiety,-pallor,-
tachycardia,-dyspnea,-pulmonary-congestion,-fatigue,-cyanosis.-Right-sided-heart-failure-
backs-up-into-the-body.-It-causes-JVD,-dependent-edema,-weight-gain,-ascites,-enlarged-
organs-and-GI-distress.
What-is-primary-hypertension?-How-is-it-treated?---ans-✔✔It-is-from-an-unknown-cause-
and-is-treated-with-supportive-care-such-as-antihypertensive-medicine.
What-is-secondary-hypertension?-How-is-it-treated?---ans-✔✔Secondary-hypertension-is-
from-an-underlying-cause-such-as-renal,-endocrine-or-neuro-disorders,-stress,-
alcoholism,-arteriosclerosis.-It-is-treated-by-treating-the-underlying-cause.
What-is-the-difference-between-venous-and-arterial-occlusion?---ans-✔✔Venous-
occlusion-is-a-build-up-of-platelets-in-the-veins.-S/S-are-ankle-edema,-hyperpigmentation-
of-lower-extremities,-warm-ankles,-dull-aching-pain.-Treatment-is-elastic-stockings-and-
elevating-feet.-Arterial-occlusion-is-a-build-up-of-fibrin-in-the-arteries.-S/S-are-the-5-"p"s--
pain,-pulse-lessens,-pallor,-paresthesia,-paralysis.-Treatment-is-to-avoid-elastic-stockings-
and-elevating-legs.
What-is-the-desired-level-for-HDL?---ans-✔✔>-50
What-is-the-desired-level-of-LDL?---ans-✔✔60-180
What-is-the-desired-total-cholesterol-level?---ans-✔✔<200-mg/dL
, What-lab-is-used-to-diagnosis-heart-failure?---ans-✔✔BNP
What-lab-is-used-to-diagnosis-MI-(heart-attack)?---ans-✔✔Troponin
What-is-the-treatment-for-heart-failure?---ans-✔✔Digoxin--increases-pumping-strength-of-
the-heart
Loop-diuretics--remove-excess-fluid
-What-are-the-s/s-of-hypertension?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-Headache,-fatigue,-blurred-
vision,-nose-bleeds,-tinnitus,-chest-pain,-irregular-heart-beat,-intermittent-confusion.
-life-style-modifications,-smoking-cessation,-low-sodium-diet,-alcohol-restriction,-exercise,-
relaxation-techniques-and/or-medications-such-as-diuretics,-beta-blockers,-calcium-
channel-blockers,-ACE-inhibitors,-ARB's,-direct-vasodilators.
-What-are-the-s/s-of-varicose-veins?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-dilated,-twisting,-discolored-
veins,-legs-fatigue-easily,-cramping,-legs-feel-heavy,-dependent-edema.
-anticoagulant-or-thrombolytic-therapy,-bed-rest,-elevate-affected-extremity,-warm/moist-
compress
-What-are-the-s/s-of-DVT?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-throbbing-pain-in-leg(s),-swelling-in-leg,-
warm-skin-around-the-painful-area,-red/darkened-skin-around-painful-area,-swollen-veins
-anticoagulants,-thrombolytics,-compression-stockings
-What-are-the-s/s-of-Burger's-disease?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-fingers/toes-are-pale,-red,-
blue-and-cold-to-the-touch,-small/painful-ulcers,-hands/feet-have-acute-pain,-numbness/
tingling/burning
-aspirin,-vasodilators,-warmth-&-gentle-exercise-can-increase-circulation,-avoid-tobacco,-
avoid-cold-temps
-What-are-the-s/s-of-Raynaud's-disease?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-cold-fingers-and-toes,-
numbness/tingling,-pins-&-needles-sensation-when-re-warming,-color-change-in-skin-
(white,-blue,-red)
-calcium-channel-blockers,-transdermal-nitroglycerin,-phosphodiesterase-inhibitors,-IV-
prostaglandins
What-is-digoxin-used-to-treat?-What-side-effects-should-you-watch-for?---ans-✔✔-treats-
heart-failure-by-making-heart-pump-stronger
-monitor-VS-and-apical-pulse,-hold-if-pulse-is-less-that-60-bpm
What-is-nitroglycerin-used-to-treat?-What-patient-teaching-is-needed?-How-do-you-take-it?-
What-are-the-side-effects?---ans-✔✔-a-vasodilator-that-treats-angina
--store-in-cool-place-in-original-dark-glass-bottle,-check-the-expiration-date,-have-pt-lay-or-
sit-when-taking-this-medication
-3-doses,-5-mins-apart,-sublingual
--dry-mouth,-dizziness,-lightheadedness
What-is-afterload?---ans-✔✔resistance-left-ventricle-must-overcome-to-circulate-blood
What-is-stable-angina?---ans-✔✔excerise-induced-chest-pain-relieved-by-rest-or-
nitroglycerin
What-is-unstable-angina?---ans-✔✔Severe-chest-pain-at-rest-that-lasts->-15-minutes,-may-
not-be-relieved-by-nitroglycerin,-treated-at-hospital-with-MONA--Morphine,-Oxygen,-Nitro,-
Aspirin
What-is-the-difference-between-left-sided-heart-failure-and-right-sided-heart-failure?---ans-
✔✔Left-sided-heart-failure-backs-up-into-the-pulmonary-system.-It-causes-anxiety,-pallor,-
tachycardia,-dyspnea,-pulmonary-congestion,-fatigue,-cyanosis.-Right-sided-heart-failure-
backs-up-into-the-body.-It-causes-JVD,-dependent-edema,-weight-gain,-ascites,-enlarged-
organs-and-GI-distress.
What-is-primary-hypertension?-How-is-it-treated?---ans-✔✔It-is-from-an-unknown-cause-
and-is-treated-with-supportive-care-such-as-antihypertensive-medicine.
What-is-secondary-hypertension?-How-is-it-treated?---ans-✔✔Secondary-hypertension-is-
from-an-underlying-cause-such-as-renal,-endocrine-or-neuro-disorders,-stress,-
alcoholism,-arteriosclerosis.-It-is-treated-by-treating-the-underlying-cause.
What-is-the-difference-between-venous-and-arterial-occlusion?---ans-✔✔Venous-
occlusion-is-a-build-up-of-platelets-in-the-veins.-S/S-are-ankle-edema,-hyperpigmentation-
of-lower-extremities,-warm-ankles,-dull-aching-pain.-Treatment-is-elastic-stockings-and-
elevating-feet.-Arterial-occlusion-is-a-build-up-of-fibrin-in-the-arteries.-S/S-are-the-5-"p"s--
pain,-pulse-lessens,-pallor,-paresthesia,-paralysis.-Treatment-is-to-avoid-elastic-stockings-
and-elevating-legs.
What-is-the-desired-level-for-HDL?---ans-✔✔>-50
What-is-the-desired-level-of-LDL?---ans-✔✔60-180
What-is-the-desired-total-cholesterol-level?---ans-✔✔<200-mg/dL
, What-lab-is-used-to-diagnosis-heart-failure?---ans-✔✔BNP
What-lab-is-used-to-diagnosis-MI-(heart-attack)?---ans-✔✔Troponin
What-is-the-treatment-for-heart-failure?---ans-✔✔Digoxin--increases-pumping-strength-of-
the-heart
Loop-diuretics--remove-excess-fluid
-What-are-the-s/s-of-hypertension?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-Headache,-fatigue,-blurred-
vision,-nose-bleeds,-tinnitus,-chest-pain,-irregular-heart-beat,-intermittent-confusion.
-life-style-modifications,-smoking-cessation,-low-sodium-diet,-alcohol-restriction,-exercise,-
relaxation-techniques-and/or-medications-such-as-diuretics,-beta-blockers,-calcium-
channel-blockers,-ACE-inhibitors,-ARB's,-direct-vasodilators.
-What-are-the-s/s-of-varicose-veins?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-dilated,-twisting,-discolored-
veins,-legs-fatigue-easily,-cramping,-legs-feel-heavy,-dependent-edema.
-anticoagulant-or-thrombolytic-therapy,-bed-rest,-elevate-affected-extremity,-warm/moist-
compress
-What-are-the-s/s-of-DVT?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-throbbing-pain-in-leg(s),-swelling-in-leg,-
warm-skin-around-the-painful-area,-red/darkened-skin-around-painful-area,-swollen-veins
-anticoagulants,-thrombolytics,-compression-stockings
-What-are-the-s/s-of-Burger's-disease?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-fingers/toes-are-pale,-red,-
blue-and-cold-to-the-touch,-small/painful-ulcers,-hands/feet-have-acute-pain,-numbness/
tingling/burning
-aspirin,-vasodilators,-warmth-&-gentle-exercise-can-increase-circulation,-avoid-tobacco,-
avoid-cold-temps
-What-are-the-s/s-of-Raynaud's-disease?--Treatment?---ans-✔✔-cold-fingers-and-toes,-
numbness/tingling,-pins-&-needles-sensation-when-re-warming,-color-change-in-skin-
(white,-blue,-red)
-calcium-channel-blockers,-transdermal-nitroglycerin,-phosphodiesterase-inhibitors,-IV-
prostaglandins
What-is-digoxin-used-to-treat?-What-side-effects-should-you-watch-for?---ans-✔✔-treats-
heart-failure-by-making-heart-pump-stronger
-monitor-VS-and-apical-pulse,-hold-if-pulse-is-less-that-60-bpm
What-is-nitroglycerin-used-to-treat?-What-patient-teaching-is-needed?-How-do-you-take-it?-
What-are-the-side-effects?---ans-✔✔-a-vasodilator-that-treats-angina
--store-in-cool-place-in-original-dark-glass-bottle,-check-the-expiration-date,-have-pt-lay-or-
sit-when-taking-this-medication
-3-doses,-5-mins-apart,-sublingual
--dry-mouth,-dizziness,-lightheadedness
