Cardiology and Endocrinology Diabetes Exam questions and answers Graded A+
Cardiology and Endocrinology Diabetes Exam questions and answers Graded A+ Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) Very high blood glucose in type 2 diabetes, often elderly. No ketones present (key difference from DKA). Urine becomes thick and syrupy. Labs: high hematocrit, falsely elevated hemoglobin due to dehydration/hemoconcentration. Caused by severe dehydration → "sweet tea in the summer sun" (more concentrated). Treatment: 5-8 L of IV fluids, given quickly; goal = adequate urine output. Requires large-bore IV. DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) Occurs in type 1 diabetes. Caused by hyperglycemia + ketone buildup. Leads to metabolic acidosis. Signs: Kussmaul respirations, hyperventilation, hypote
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cardiology and endocrinology diabetes exam questio