HANDBOOK 2026 EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
AND CLINICAL GUIDELINES
◉ what are the stages of the change model.
Answer: precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
◉ precontemplation stage.
Answer: patient is unaware of problem and/or has no interest in
change
◉ contemplation stage.
Answer: patient is aware of problem and is beginning to think about
changing but has not made a commitment to do so (next 6 months)
◉ preparation stage.
Answer: patient is making a small change/coming up with a plan
,◉ action stage.
Answer: patient is actively engaging in the plan
◉ maintenance stage.
Answer: patient integrates newly adopted behavior patterns into his
or her lifestyle
◉ normal range for temperature.
Answer: 36-38 degrees c or 96.8-100.4 degrees f
◉ normal temperature range for elderly population.
Answer: 35-36.1 degrees c or 95-97 degrees f
◉ what are the factors that affect temperature.
Answer: age
exercise
hormone level
circadian rhythm
stress
environment
◉ factors affecting temperature: age.
, Answer: as you age, your temperature tens to run lower
◉ factors affecting temperature: exercise.
Answer: increase blood supply, increase heat production, increase
body temperature
◉ factors affecting temperature: hormone level.
Answer: women experience increase fluctuation in body temp
(progesterone)
◉ factors affecting temperature: circadian rhythm.
Answer: lowest temperature at 6 am and highest temperature at 4
pm (in healthy people)
◉ factors affecting temperature: stress.
Answer: stress increases metabolism, increasing oxygen need
when the body cant meet this demand = hypoxia
◉ factors affecting temperature: environment.
Answer: room temperature/ temperature outside can lead to
increase or decrease body temperature
◉ fever.