Patho Exam 3 2026 – Brain Injury, Increased Intracranial Pressure, and Neurological Assessment

Patho Exam 3 2026 Exam
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Primary brain injury - ANSWER ✔✔occurs as a direct result of the

initial insult, immediately at the onset of brain injury


Secondary brain injury - ANSWER ✔✔progressive damage resulting

from the body's physiologic response to the initial insult, occurs hours to

days after the initial trauma


Most common cause of secondary brain injury - ANSWER

✔✔Ischemia

, Critical factor in determining neural cell fate after injury - ANSWER

✔✔Degree of ATP Depletion


Common secondary injury - ANSWER ✔✔Cerebral edema


Secondary injury that occurs after re-establishing blood flow -

ANSWER ✔✔Reperfusion injury


Hypoxemia - ANSWER ✔✔Decreased oxygen in the blood


Ischemia - ANSWER ✔✔Decreased blood flow


_________ + __________ usually occur together - ANSWER

✔✔ISCHEMIA + HYPOXIA usually occur together


Hypoxia - ANSWER ✔✔Decreased oxygen at the cellular level


Why is the brain so sensitive to oxygen depletion? - ANSWER

✔✔Because of high ATP requirements and limited capacity for anaerobic

metabolism


How long can brain tolerate ATP loss? - ANSWER ✔✔Several

minutes (only takes ~5-10 for permanent damage)


Blood flow through brain is controlled by __________ - ANSWER

✔✔Blood flow through brain is controlled by AUTOREGULATION