HSCI 190 Exam Review Questions With
Correct Answers
What is statistics? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the study of variation
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What are descriptive statistics? What are some examples of descriptive statistics?
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- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Summarizing and describing data so that patterns
| | | | | | | | | |
become apparent |
visualizations, measures of central tendency, variability
| | | | |
What are inferential statistics? What are some examples of inferential statistics? -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-analyzing data to make general conclusions about the way
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the world works
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SEM, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs, correlations,
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regressions, non-parametric tests | |
What is machine learning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a technique derived from
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statistics that tries to learn patterns from raw data in order to make predictions
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What are the three components that make up evidence-based medicine? -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-clinical expertise (what has been learned in the
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,profession?), best research evidence (what does literature say?), and patient
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values (what does the patient want?)
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What is evidence-based medicine? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The practice of using
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research-based evidence, clinical expertise, and info about the patient's values
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and preferences to make clinical decisions on patient care
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Describe the study conducted by Wakefield et al. in 1998. What was it about?
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What was the outcome? What effect did it have on people? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-The study concluded that there was an association between the
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MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorder (even though there were many
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things wrong with the research methods)
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the paper became popular and it influenced people's decision to vaccinate their
| | | | | | | | | | | |
children
in 2010, it got removed from the journal it was published in because many
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
researchers disproved the conclusions | | |
still, today, people think that vaccines can lead to autism spectrum disorder
| | | | | | | | | | | |
because of this paper | | |
How did statisticians prove Dr. Shipman was guilty? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-They
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|compared Dr. Shipman's patients' time of death to other physicians' patients'
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time of death - showed that most of Dr. Shipman's patients died at the same time
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|(afternoon)
, What is the PPDAC cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the problem, plan, data,
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analysis, conclusions cycle
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we use it to discuss statistical concepts
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What is categorical data? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Numbers are used to represent
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categories of info
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qualitative in nature | |
What is nominal data? Provide an example - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Info is
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grouped into unordered categories
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only the label has value - the number assigned to each category is pointless
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i.e. eye colour
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What is ordinal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Info is grouped into ordered
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categories
the number assigned to each category has meaning
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the position of the data matters
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Correct Answers
What is statistics? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the study of variation
| | | | | | | |
What are descriptive statistics? What are some examples of descriptive statistics?
| | | | | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Summarizing and describing data so that patterns
| | | | | | | | | |
become apparent |
visualizations, measures of central tendency, variability
| | | | |
What are inferential statistics? What are some examples of inferential statistics? -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-analyzing data to make general conclusions about the way
| | | | | | | | |
the world works
| | |
SEM, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-tests, ANOVAs, correlations,
| | | | | | | |
regressions, non-parametric tests | |
What is machine learning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a technique derived from
| | | | | | | | | |
statistics that tries to learn patterns from raw data in order to make predictions
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
What are the three components that make up evidence-based medicine? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-clinical expertise (what has been learned in the
| | | | | | | | |
,profession?), best research evidence (what does literature say?), and patient
| | | | | | | | | |
values (what does the patient want?)
| | | | |
What is evidence-based medicine? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The practice of using
| | | | | | | | | |
research-based evidence, clinical expertise, and info about the patient's values
| | | | | | | | | |
and preferences to make clinical decisions on patient care
| | | | | | | |
Describe the study conducted by Wakefield et al. in 1998. What was it about?
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
What was the outcome? What effect did it have on people? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-The study concluded that there was an association between the
| | | | | | | | | |
MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorder (even though there were many
| | | | | | | | | | |
things wrong with the research methods)
| | | | |
the paper became popular and it influenced people's decision to vaccinate their
| | | | | | | | | | | |
children
in 2010, it got removed from the journal it was published in because many
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
researchers disproved the conclusions | | |
still, today, people think that vaccines can lead to autism spectrum disorder
| | | | | | | | | | | |
because of this paper | | |
How did statisticians prove Dr. Shipman was guilty? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-They
| | | | | | | | | |
|compared Dr. Shipman's patients' time of death to other physicians' patients'
| | | | | | | | | | |
time of death - showed that most of Dr. Shipman's patients died at the same time
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|(afternoon)
, What is the PPDAC cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the problem, plan, data,
| | | | | | | | | | |
analysis, conclusions cycle
| |
we use it to discuss statistical concepts
| | | | | |
What is categorical data? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Numbers are used to represent
| | | | | | | | | |
categories of info
| | |
qualitative in nature | |
What is nominal data? Provide an example - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Info is
| | | | | | | | | | |
grouped into unordered categories
| | |
only the label has value - the number assigned to each category is pointless
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
i.e. eye colour
| |
What is ordinal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Info is grouped into ordered
| | | | | | | | | | |
categories
the number assigned to each category has meaning
| | | | | | |
the position of the data matters
| | | | |
