HSCI 190 - Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-summarizing and
| | | | | | | |
describing data to find patterns | | | |
cannot generalize conclusions beyond the data set
| | | | | |
visualization of data, measures of central tendency, variability
| | | | | | |
What are Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-analyzing data to make
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general conclusions |
address specific questions about how the world works
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standard error of the mean (SEM), confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-
| | | | | | | | | |
tests, ANOVAs, correlations, regressions, and non-parametric tests
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Power of misinformation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-MMR vaccine correlated with
| | | | | | | | |
autism - 1998 | |
small sample size, questionable methodology, speculative conclusions - still
| | | | | | | | |
impacted parent's decisions | |
2010 disproved - damage done
| | | |
,Dr. Shipman - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-doctor that killed his patients with
| | | | | | | | | |
diamorphine (medical heroin) and changed the records of healthy patients after
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he killed them to reflect poorer health
| | | | | |
deaths of patients compared to other family doctors in the area by time
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PPDAC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Problem
| | |
- what is the problem/question?
| | | |
Plan
- what information do you need to answer the question?
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Data
- involves collecting high quality information
| | | | |
Analysis
- sorting, graphing, running statistical tests
| | | | |
Conclusion
- interpretation, communication, generating new ideas
| | | | |
Types of data Overview - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Categorical
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- nominal
|
- ordinal
|
Scale
- interval
|
- ratio
|
,Categorical data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numbers are used to represent
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categories of information | |
qualitative
'discrete' data |
Categorical data - nominal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information grouped in
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UNORDERED categories |
only the label holds value
| | | |
number assigned is meaningless
| | |
binary or nonbinary| |
ex. yes/no (binary)
| |
ex. blue eyes/brown eyes/green eyes (nonbinary)
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Categorical data - Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information grouped in
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ORDERED categories |
number assigned means something but no calculations can be made
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AKA ranked data - positioned by magnitude
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relative position matters
| |
ex. strongly agree/agree/neutral/disagree/strongly disagree
| | |
Scale data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numerical measurement of something where
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the difference between values has meaning
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scale data is quantitative
| | |
AKA continuous
|
, Scale data - interval - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numerical measurement on a scale
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where each point is placed at an equal distance from one another with NO TRUE
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ZERO
ex. temp in Celsius - 20 and 30 is the same as the difference between 30 and 40,
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but 0 is not an absence of heat
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Scale data - ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-measurements of something where the
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numbers are not restricted to certain values with a TRUE ZERO
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ex. amount of money in your pocket (0= no money)
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What type of data is gender - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-nominal
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what type of data is BMI classifications (obese/overweight/normal/underweight)
| | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ordinal
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what type of data is time on a 24h clock - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-interval
| | | | | | | | | | | |
what type of data is weight - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ratio
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Describing data with tables - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-table is the simplest way to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
summarize
absolute frequency distribution can be used with all data (right column = #
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
observations in counts) | |
Correct Answers
What are descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-summarizing and
| | | | | | | |
describing data to find patterns | | | |
cannot generalize conclusions beyond the data set
| | | | | |
visualization of data, measures of central tendency, variability
| | | | | | |
What are Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-analyzing data to make
| | | | | | | | | |
general conclusions |
address specific questions about how the world works
| | | | | | |
standard error of the mean (SEM), confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, t-
| | | | | | | | | |
tests, ANOVAs, correlations, regressions, and non-parametric tests
| | | | | |
Power of misinformation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-MMR vaccine correlated with
| | | | | | | | |
autism - 1998 | |
small sample size, questionable methodology, speculative conclusions - still
| | | | | | | | |
impacted parent's decisions | |
2010 disproved - damage done
| | | |
,Dr. Shipman - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-doctor that killed his patients with
| | | | | | | | | |
diamorphine (medical heroin) and changed the records of healthy patients after
| | | | | | | | | | |
he killed them to reflect poorer health
| | | | | |
deaths of patients compared to other family doctors in the area by time
| | | | | | | | | | | |
PPDAC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Problem
| | |
- what is the problem/question?
| | | |
Plan
- what information do you need to answer the question?
| | | | | | | | |
Data
- involves collecting high quality information
| | | | |
Analysis
- sorting, graphing, running statistical tests
| | | | |
Conclusion
- interpretation, communication, generating new ideas
| | | | |
Types of data Overview - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Categorical
| | | | | |
- nominal
|
- ordinal
|
Scale
- interval
|
- ratio
|
,Categorical data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numbers are used to represent
| | | | | | | | |
categories of information | |
qualitative
'discrete' data |
Categorical data - nominal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information grouped in
| | | | | | | | |
UNORDERED categories |
only the label holds value
| | | |
number assigned is meaningless
| | |
binary or nonbinary| |
ex. yes/no (binary)
| |
ex. blue eyes/brown eyes/green eyes (nonbinary)
| | | | |
Categorical data - Ordinal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information grouped in
| | | | | | | | |
ORDERED categories |
number assigned means something but no calculations can be made
| | | | | | | | |
AKA ranked data - positioned by magnitude
| | | | | |
relative position matters
| |
ex. strongly agree/agree/neutral/disagree/strongly disagree
| | |
Scale data - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numerical measurement of something where
| | | | | | | | |
the difference between values has meaning
| | | | |
scale data is quantitative
| | |
AKA continuous
|
, Scale data - interval - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-numerical measurement on a scale
| | | | | | | | | | |
where each point is placed at an equal distance from one another with NO TRUE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ZERO
ex. temp in Celsius - 20 and 30 is the same as the difference between 30 and 40,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
but 0 is not an absence of heat
| | | | | | |
Scale data - ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-measurements of something where the
| | | | | | | | | |
numbers are not restricted to certain values with a TRUE ZERO
| | | | | | | | | | |
ex. amount of money in your pocket (0= no money)
| | | | | | | | |
What type of data is gender - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-nominal
| | | | | | | |
what type of data is BMI classifications (obese/overweight/normal/underweight)
| | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ordinal
| | |
what type of data is time on a 24h clock - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-interval
| | | | | | | | | | | |
what type of data is weight - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-ratio
| | | | | | | |
Describing data with tables - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-table is the simplest way to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
summarize
absolute frequency distribution can be used with all data (right column = #
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
observations in counts) | |
