NSG530 NSG 530 EXAM 1 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 CLINICAL
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor
muscle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma.
Answer: A) Spinal cord injury
◉ Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis..
Answer: B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
◉ A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed
with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement
of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
,B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Answer: B) Pyelonephritis
◉ With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella.
Answer: C) Group A Streptococcus
◉ A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is
experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
◉ A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the
dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this
anomaly?
,A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction.
Answer: Epispadias
◉ A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set
ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with
this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis.
Answer: Potter syndrome
◉ A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present..
Answer: The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
, ◉ A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria,
and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy.
Answer: Henoch-Schonlein purpura
◉ What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli.
Answer: Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
◉ A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and
abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis..
Answer: acute pyelonephritis
◉ What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 CLINICAL
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor
muscle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma.
Answer: A) Spinal cord injury
◉ Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis..
Answer: B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
◉ A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed
with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement
of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
,B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Answer: B) Pyelonephritis
◉ With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella.
Answer: C) Group A Streptococcus
◉ A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is
experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
◉ A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the
dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this
anomaly?
,A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction.
Answer: Epispadias
◉ A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set
ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with
this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis.
Answer: Potter syndrome
◉ A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present..
Answer: The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
, ◉ A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria,
and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy.
Answer: Henoch-Schonlein purpura
◉ What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli.
Answer: Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
◉ A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and
abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis..
Answer: acute pyelonephritis
◉ What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
