Test Bank for Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by Benjamin A. Pierce (2022) – Complete Chapters 1–18 Exam Questions and Answer Guide

TESTBANK
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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,TABLE OF CONTENTC C




Chapter C 01: C Introduction to Genetics .................................................................................................................. 3
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Chapter C 02: C Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction .................................................................................... 15
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Chapter C 03: C Basic Principles of Heredity ......................................................................................................... 32
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Chapter C 04: C Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles .................................................................... 59
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Chapter C 05: C Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ......................................................... 98
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Chapter C 06: C Chromosome Variation ................................................................................................................. 115
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Chapter C 07: C Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ......................................................................................... 139
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Chapter C 08 C DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene................................................................................. 152
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Chapter C 09: C DNA Replication and Recombination ........................................................................................ 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing................................................. 198
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Chapter C 11: C From DNA to Proteins: Translation .......................................................................................... 224
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Chapter C 12: C Control of Gene Expression ....................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter C 13: C Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .................................................. 278
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Chapter C 14: C Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ....................................................................... 298
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Chapter C 15: C Genomics and Proteomics ........................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter C 16: C Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter C 17: C Quantitative Genetics.................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter C 18: C Population and Evolutionary Genetics ....................................................................................... 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
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C people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
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C Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human
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C populations.
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos
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don’t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging
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effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor
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eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not
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normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles
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that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at
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a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
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C people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
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C Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common
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C among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture,
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albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy
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positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of
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Hopi blood in the community.
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Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their C C C C C C C C C C C C



sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women
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during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other
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men of the village. Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in
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this culture or at least not selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing
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the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
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3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and
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C the phenomenon is INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—population genetics C




b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics C C C C C




e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e C




4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles C C C C




b. mechanism of DNA replication C C C




c. gene expression patterns
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d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids C C C C




ANSWER: a C




5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
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a. chromosome.

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, b. alleles.
c. locus.




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