,Contents
Chapter 1 F Speaking of Statistics ................................................................................... 1
F F
Chapter 2 F Measurement in Statistics ........................................................................... 13
F F
Chapter 3 F Visual Displays of Data .............................................................................. 21
F F F
Chapter 4 F Describing Data ......................................................................................... 44
F
Chapter 5 F A Normal World ........................................................................................ 63
F F
Chapter 6 F Probability in Statistics ............................................................................... 71
F F
Chapter 7 F Correlation and Causality ........................................................................... 83
F F
Chapter 8 F Inferences from Samples to Populations ................................................... 100
F F F F
Chapter 9 F Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................. 108
F
Chapter 10 F t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA .................................................. 123
F F F F F
Answers ...................................................................................................................... 135
iii
,Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life
F F F F
Chapter 1 (Speaking of Statistics) Exam, form A
F F F F F F F
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
F F F F F F F F F F F F
answers the question.
F F
For problems 1 and 2, determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
1) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Population B) Sample F
2) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
% are behind in their tax payments.
F F F F F F
A) Population B) Sample F
For problems 3 and 4, determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
3) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Statistic B) Parameter F
4) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
% are behind in their tax payments.
F F F F F F
A) Statistic B) Parameter F
5) Following the Republican National Convention, a poll of 600 voters in a central Illinois community
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
showed that 57% expected the Republican ticket to win over the Democrat ticket no matter whom t he
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Democrats chose for vice- F F F
president. The margin of error was 4 percentage points. There are 25,000 registered voters in the c
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
ommunity. Which range of values is likely to contain the population parameter?
F F F F F F F F F F F
A) 13,250 to 15,250 B) 24,400 to 25,600
F F F F F
C) 318 to 366 F F D) 53% to 61% F F F F
6) A poll of 488 citizens of Normal, Illinois, showed that 65% favored strict enforcement of speed limit
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
s with a margin of error of 4%. A second poll of 495 citizens of the same town showed that 34% favo
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
red strict enforcement of speed limits. Assuming that proper sampling techniques were used in both
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
polls, one may conclude that F F F F
A) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 8%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
B) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 4%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
C) one or both of the samples may have been unlikelyfisamples from the population.
F F F F F F F F F F F F
D) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speed limits is 65% 8%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
7) A poll of 700 attendees of the Taste of Chicago showed that 445 attendees, 65% of the sample, beli
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
eved that the food was overpriced. It is estimated that 1,250,000 people attend the Taste. Although 6
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
5% plus or minus 5% of attendees believe that the food is overpriced, the Taste is a popular event.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
The raw data of the study is (are)
F F F F F F F
A) 65% of the sample. F F F
B) 700 attendees, 455 attendees. F F F
C) 1,250,000 attendees, 700 attendees, 455 attendees. F F F F F
D) (60%, 70%) F
8) A student wanted to know the favorite lunch at a large high school with a closed campus. What is t
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
he first step in conducting a statistical study to answer the question?
F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Select a random sample of students. F F F F F
B) Precisely state the goal of the study. F F F F F F
C) Select a random sample of students and teachers. F F F F F F F
D) Select a random sample of teachers. F F F F F
1
.
, For problems 9 and 10, determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
data.
9) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Census data F B) Sample data F F
10) A researcher determines that 17% of 84 property owners in a large city are behind in their ta
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
x payments.
F
A) Census data F B) Sample data F F
For problems 11 and 12, select the most representative sample of the population of interest.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
11) A college student who does laundry infrequently wants to determine the effect of stain remover o
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
n what should be white clothes.
F F F F F
A) Reports of two friends, one of whom was given stain remover.
F F F F F F F F F F
B) The reports of an internet chatroom on laundry techniques.
F F F F F F F F
C) Two loads of personal wash, one with, one without stain remover.
F F F F F F F F F F
D) Two loads of wash, one personal, one of a friend, the stain remover assigned by a coin flip.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
12) The father of a junior high school student wants to determinefithe most popular book among junior hig
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
h students. Select the sample with the least potential bias.
F F F F F F F F F
A) A randomly selected group of 10 book sellers
F F F F F F F
B) A randomly selected group of 30 junior high students
F F F F F F F F
C) A randomly selected group of 30 junior high students leaving the public library
F F F F F F F F F F F F
D) The group of 30 junior high students attending the birthday party of the researcher’s child
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
For problems 13 and 14, identify the sampling technique that was used.
F F F F F F F F F F F
13) A sample consists of every 49th student from a group of 496 students.
F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Systematic
B) Cluster
C) Convenience
D) Random
E) Stratified
14) To avoid working late, a quality-control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Systematic
B) Cluster
C) Convenience
D) Random
E) Stratified
For problems 15 and 16, determine whether the study is experimental or observational?
F F F F F F F F F F F F
15) A marketing firm does a survey to find out how many people use a product. Of the 100 peop
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
le contacted, 15 said they use the product.
F F F F F F F
A) Observational B) Experimental F
16) Two samples of fish are taken from a river upstream and downstream of a factory to measure the effe
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
ct of pollution from the factory on the fish.
F F F F F F F F
A) Observational B) Experimental F
2
.
Chapter 1 F Speaking of Statistics ................................................................................... 1
F F
Chapter 2 F Measurement in Statistics ........................................................................... 13
F F
Chapter 3 F Visual Displays of Data .............................................................................. 21
F F F
Chapter 4 F Describing Data ......................................................................................... 44
F
Chapter 5 F A Normal World ........................................................................................ 63
F F
Chapter 6 F Probability in Statistics ............................................................................... 71
F F
Chapter 7 F Correlation and Causality ........................................................................... 83
F F
Chapter 8 F Inferences from Samples to Populations ................................................... 100
F F F F
Chapter 9 F Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................. 108
F
Chapter 10 F t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA .................................................. 123
F F F F F
Answers ...................................................................................................................... 135
iii
,Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life
F F F F
Chapter 1 (Speaking of Statistics) Exam, form A
F F F F F F F
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
F F F F F F F F F F F F
answers the question.
F F
For problems 1 and 2, determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
1) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Population B) Sample F
2) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
% are behind in their tax payments.
F F F F F F
A) Population B) Sample F
For problems 3 and 4, determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
3) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Statistic B) Parameter F
4) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
% are behind in their tax payments.
F F F F F F
A) Statistic B) Parameter F
5) Following the Republican National Convention, a poll of 600 voters in a central Illinois community
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
showed that 57% expected the Republican ticket to win over the Democrat ticket no matter whom t he
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
Democrats chose for vice- F F F
president. The margin of error was 4 percentage points. There are 25,000 registered voters in the c
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
ommunity. Which range of values is likely to contain the population parameter?
F F F F F F F F F F F
A) 13,250 to 15,250 B) 24,400 to 25,600
F F F F F
C) 318 to 366 F F D) 53% to 61% F F F F
6) A poll of 488 citizens of Normal, Illinois, showed that 65% favored strict enforcement of speed limit
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
s with a margin of error of 4%. A second poll of 495 citizens of the same town showed that 34% favo
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
red strict enforcement of speed limits. Assuming that proper sampling techniques were used in both
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
polls, one may conclude that F F F F
A) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 8%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
B) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 4%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
C) one or both of the samples may have been unlikelyfisamples from the population.
F F F F F F F F F F F F
D) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speed limits is 65% 8%.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
7) A poll of 700 attendees of the Taste of Chicago showed that 445 attendees, 65% of the sample, beli
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
eved that the food was overpriced. It is estimated that 1,250,000 people attend the Taste. Although 6
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
5% plus or minus 5% of attendees believe that the food is overpriced, the Taste is a popular event.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
The raw data of the study is (are)
F F F F F F F
A) 65% of the sample. F F F
B) 700 attendees, 455 attendees. F F F
C) 1,250,000 attendees, 700 attendees, 455 attendees. F F F F F
D) (60%, 70%) F
8) A student wanted to know the favorite lunch at a large high school with a closed campus. What is t
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
he first step in conducting a statistical study to answer the question?
F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Select a random sample of students. F F F F F
B) Precisely state the goal of the study. F F F F F F
C) Select a random sample of students and teachers. F F F F F F F
D) Select a random sample of teachers. F F F F F
1
.
, For problems 9 and 10, determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
data.
9) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Census data F B) Sample data F F
10) A researcher determines that 17% of 84 property owners in a large city are behind in their ta
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
x payments.
F
A) Census data F B) Sample data F F
For problems 11 and 12, select the most representative sample of the population of interest.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
11) A college student who does laundry infrequently wants to determine the effect of stain remover o
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
n what should be white clothes.
F F F F F
A) Reports of two friends, one of whom was given stain remover.
F F F F F F F F F F
B) The reports of an internet chatroom on laundry techniques.
F F F F F F F F
C) Two loads of personal wash, one with, one without stain remover.
F F F F F F F F F F
D) Two loads of wash, one personal, one of a friend, the stain remover assigned by a coin flip.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
12) The father of a junior high school student wants to determinefithe most popular book among junior hig
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
h students. Select the sample with the least potential bias.
F F F F F F F F F
A) A randomly selected group of 10 book sellers
F F F F F F F
B) A randomly selected group of 30 junior high students
F F F F F F F F
C) A randomly selected group of 30 junior high students leaving the public library
F F F F F F F F F F F F
D) The group of 30 junior high students attending the birthday party of the researcher’s child
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
For problems 13 and 14, identify the sampling technique that was used.
F F F F F F F F F F F
13) A sample consists of every 49th student from a group of 496 students.
F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Systematic
B) Cluster
C) Convenience
D) Random
E) Stratified
14) To avoid working late, a quality-control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
A) Systematic
B) Cluster
C) Convenience
D) Random
E) Stratified
For problems 15 and 16, determine whether the study is experimental or observational?
F F F F F F F F F F F F
15) A marketing firm does a survey to find out how many people use a product. Of the 100 peop
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
le contacted, 15 said they use the product.
F F F F F F F
A) Observational B) Experimental F
16) Two samples of fish are taken from a river upstream and downstream of a factory to measure the effe
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
ct of pollution from the factory on the fish.
F F F F F F F F
A) Observational B) Experimental F
2
.
