PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION VIEW

PHARMACOKINETICS AND
PHARMACODYNAMICS CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION VIEW

●● Pharmacodynamics.
Answer: What the drug does to the body.


●● 4 components of pharmacokinetics.
Answer: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.


●● Absorption.
Answer: Movement of drug from site of administration into systemic
circulation.


●● Bioavailability.
Answer: Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation
unchanged.


●● Factors affecting absorption.
Answer: Solubility, concentration, blood flow, surface area, contact time,
pH.

, ●● Factors influencing bioavailability.
Answer: First-pass metabolism, formulation, route, distribution, drug
interactions.


●● Volume of distribution (Vd).
Answer: Vd = Dose ÷ plasma concentration.


●● High vs low Vd.
Answer: High Vd = drug in tissues; low Vd = drug in plasma/ECF.


●● Factors affecting distribution.
Answer: Plasma protein binding, tissue binding, lipid solubility, blood
flow, body fat, age, gender.


●● Effect of plasma protein binding on drug action.
Answer: ↑Binding → drug stays in plasma, ↓Vd, prolonged half-life.


●● Function of blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Answer: Restricts drug entry into CNS using tight junctions, enzymes,
and efflux transporters.


●● Main site of drug metabolism.