CHEMISTRY 105 EXAM 1 CHAPTERS 1,2,3 QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026

CHEMISTRY 105 EXAM 1 CHAPTERS 1,2,3 QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 Chemistry - Answers The study of matter and the changes it under goes Matter - Answers anything that has mass and occupies space What is the scientific method composed of? (6) - Answers 1) observation/ description of phenomenon 2) Hypothesis 3) Experiment (prove/disprove) 4) Publication 5) confirmation 6) Application Physical Sciences (name them 4) - Answers Geology, astronomy, physics, chemistry Biological sciences (2) - Answers Botany, zoology Basic science - - Answers research w/o goal of a practical application Applied science - - Answers research w/ well defined, short term goals for a specific problem Technology - - Answers application of science for industrial production and societal goals Types of Matter (3) - Answers Macroscopic , Microscopic, submicroscopic Macroscopic - - Answers Large enough to be seen with the naked eye Microscopic - - Answers seen only with aid of microscope Submicroscopic - - Answers can only be observed indirectly Property - - Answers anything that is observed or measured by a sample of matter Mass - - Answers a measure of the amount of quantity of matter in an object Weight - - Answers the force that results from the attraction between matter and the earth Intensive property - - Answers properties that are independent of the sample size .. such as concentration, density, boiling or freezing point Extensive property - Answers depends on the size or amount of the sample like ... mass, volume, energy. .. 1 gallon of gasoline will produce more heat than one spoon of gasoline when combusted Elements - - Answers a pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom and can not be decomposed into simpler substances by normal chemical means Atoms - - Answers smallest unit of an element Pure substance - - Answers matter with fixed composition at the submicroscopic level Compounds - - Answers can be decomposed into simpler substances by normal chemical means Heterogenous mixture - - Answers not uniform in composition oil and water, can see other stuff in it Homogenous mixture - - Answers uniform in composition. EX: milk Chemical Compounds - - Answers pure substances composed of atoms of diff. elements combined in define, fixed ratios. can be decomposed into simpler substances or elements by chemical means EX: H20 is a pure substance but not an element Chemical property - Answers properties that result in a chemical reaction converting the identity of one or more of the substances Physical property - Answers properties that can be observed or measured with out changing the identity of the substance Physical change - Answers (melting) results in a change only physically not chemically Chemical Change - Answers when at least part of the substance being converted into different kind of matter Reactants - - Answers substances that undergo a change in a chemical reaction Products - - Answers substances that are formed in a chemical reaction Molecule - Answers the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can exist independently and still maintain the characteristic properties of the compound Diatomic molecules defintion - Answers when molecules are formed from 2 atoms Energy - - Answers the ability to do work Potential Energy - Answers energy in storage by virtue of position or arrangement Kinetic Energy - Answers energy of objects in motion All 7 Diatomic molecules - Answers H2, O2, N2, Cl2, F2, Br2, I2 hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, idoine Subscripts - Answers used in chemical formulas as numbers written below the line to show the numbers or ratios of atoms in a compound Molecular formulas - Answers chemical formulas that represent molecules with atomic symbols and subscripts h2o Ch4 Structural formulas - Answers chemical formulas that show the connections between atoms in molecules with straight lines h --- o --- h Qualitative - Answers methods that are not numerical but are used to identify the chemical species involved Quantitative - Answers measurements used to determine the amount of product formed or the amount of reactants used in a chemical reaction Accuracy - Answers used to express the agreement of the measured value with the true value of the same quantity Precision - Answers expresses the agreement among related measurements What did Albert Einstein win the noble peace prize for? - Answers 4 states of matter - Answers solid, liquid, gas , plasma Molecular compounds - Answers compounds composed of molecules at the submicroscopic level Coefficients - Answers numbers written before formulas to balance the equation if no number than assumed its 1 John Dalton , what was his theory called? - Answers Atomic theory John Dalton 4 parts to theory - Answers 1) all matter is made up of small indivisible particles called atoms 2) atoms of the same element are identical; atoms of different elements have different properties 3) Compounds are formed when atoms of diff elements combine in small whole number ratios 4) Elements & compounds are composed of definite arrangements of atoms and a chemical change occurs when the atoms are rearranged Daltons theory was used to explain... ? (3 things) - Answers LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS LAW OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION Law of Conservation of matter - - Answers matter is neither lost nor gained during a chemical reaction Law of Definite proportions - - Answers in a compound, the constituent elements are always present in a definite proportion by weight Law of Constant Composition - Answers all samples of pure substances contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass Gold Foil Experiment , who did it? - Answers Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment found that.. - Answers over 99% of that mass is found in the nucleus discovered nucleus How much smaller is an electron than a proton or neutron? - Answers around 1800 times smaller atomic number - Answers the number of protons in an atom determines identity of an element Mass number - Answers number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Isotopes - Answers different atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons ions - Answers atoms gain or lose electrons, producing charged particles called ions Cation - Answers a postive charge when an atom loses an electron smaller than their neutral atoms