NURS 5357 NEUROBIOLOGY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026
What brain area is associated with working memory in ADHD? - Answers Prefrontal Cortex
Which brain area is linked to temporal processing in ADHD? - Answers Cerebellum
What is the role of the nucleus accumbens in ADHD? - Answers It is associated with delay of
gratification.
What compensatory change occurs in the parietal cortex of children who outgrew ADHD? - Answers
Normalization of gray matter thickness.
How do ADHD symptoms change from childhood to adulthood? - Answers Symptoms may diminish or
change in presentation as individuals mature.
What impact does trauma have on the prefrontal cortex? - Answers It impairs working memory.
What is the effect of stimulant medication on dopamine in ADHD? - Answers It increases dopamine
release at the nucleus accumbens, improving impulse control.
What happens to the total brain volume in children with ADHD? - Answers It is approximately 5%
smaller across all cerebral lobes.
What is the primary pathological finding in Alzheimer's dementia? - Answers Cortical atrophy and
neuronal loss.
What are amyloid plaques and their significance in Alzheimer's? - Answers They are extracellular
deposits of beta-amyloid protein that contribute to neuronal damage.
What causes neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease? - Answers Hyperphosphorylation of tau
proteins leads to their detachment from microtubules, forming tangles.
What is the hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease? - Answers Shrinkage of cortical tissue due to
neuronal cell death.
How does drug abuse affect the nucleus accumbens? - Answers Chronic cocaine use downregulates
dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in ADHD? - Answers It is involved in emotional
regulation and impulse control.
How does the orbitofrontal cortex relate to ADHD? - Answers It has important projections to the
nucleus accumbens, influencing attention and reward processing.
What is the effect of aging on dopamine transporter density in ADHD? - Answers Dopamine
transporter density declines with age, affecting impulse control.
What is the significance of tau proteins in neurons? - Answers They stabilize microtubules and are
essential for neuronal transport.
What imaging technique shows decreased energy and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's? - Answers
PET scan.
What is the relationship between dopamine activity and impulsivity in ADHD? - Answers Dopamine
activity in the nucleus accumbens influences attention and impulsivity.
What is the role of norepinephrine in ADHD treatment? - Answers It helps with signaling and blocking
out irrelevant stimuli.
What changes occur in the brain due to chronic drug use? - Answers It alters the morphology of
dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens.
What is the primary culprit in the formation of amyloid plaques? - Answers A-beta42 protein cleaved
from amyloid precursor protein.
What is the impact of stimulant medications on norepinephrine and dopamine? - Answers They tune
norepinephrine and dopamine to improve concentration and impulse control.
What are the major types of dementia? - Answers Alzheimer's, Frontotemporal, Lewy Bodies,
Vascular, Parkinson's
What is the concept of 'relapse' in addiction? - Answers Relapse refers to the return to substance use
after a period of abstinence.
What factors can contribute to relapse? - Answers Minimal drug use, exposure to cues associated
with drug use, and stress.
How does the PFC relate to relapse? - Answers Inactivation of the PFC prevents relapse.
What neurotransmitter is increased during relapse? - Answers Dopamine (DA) is released in the NAc
during relapse.
Define 'tolerance' in the context of addiction. - Answers Tolerance is the reduced response to a drug
after repeated use, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
What brain area is associated with working memory in ADHD? - Answers Prefrontal Cortex
Which brain area is linked to temporal processing in ADHD? - Answers Cerebellum
What is the role of the nucleus accumbens in ADHD? - Answers It is associated with delay of
gratification.
What compensatory change occurs in the parietal cortex of children who outgrew ADHD? - Answers
Normalization of gray matter thickness.
How do ADHD symptoms change from childhood to adulthood? - Answers Symptoms may diminish or
change in presentation as individuals mature.
What impact does trauma have on the prefrontal cortex? - Answers It impairs working memory.
What is the effect of stimulant medication on dopamine in ADHD? - Answers It increases dopamine
release at the nucleus accumbens, improving impulse control.
What happens to the total brain volume in children with ADHD? - Answers It is approximately 5%
smaller across all cerebral lobes.
What is the primary pathological finding in Alzheimer's dementia? - Answers Cortical atrophy and
neuronal loss.
What are amyloid plaques and their significance in Alzheimer's? - Answers They are extracellular
deposits of beta-amyloid protein that contribute to neuronal damage.
What causes neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease? - Answers Hyperphosphorylation of tau
proteins leads to their detachment from microtubules, forming tangles.
What is the hallmark sign of Alzheimer's disease? - Answers Shrinkage of cortical tissue due to
neuronal cell death.
How does drug abuse affect the nucleus accumbens? - Answers Chronic cocaine use downregulates
dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in ADHD? - Answers It is involved in emotional
regulation and impulse control.
How does the orbitofrontal cortex relate to ADHD? - Answers It has important projections to the
nucleus accumbens, influencing attention and reward processing.
What is the effect of aging on dopamine transporter density in ADHD? - Answers Dopamine
transporter density declines with age, affecting impulse control.
What is the significance of tau proteins in neurons? - Answers They stabilize microtubules and are
essential for neuronal transport.
What imaging technique shows decreased energy and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's? - Answers
PET scan.
What is the relationship between dopamine activity and impulsivity in ADHD? - Answers Dopamine
activity in the nucleus accumbens influences attention and impulsivity.
What is the role of norepinephrine in ADHD treatment? - Answers It helps with signaling and blocking
out irrelevant stimuli.
What changes occur in the brain due to chronic drug use? - Answers It alters the morphology of
dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens.
What is the primary culprit in the formation of amyloid plaques? - Answers A-beta42 protein cleaved
from amyloid precursor protein.
What is the impact of stimulant medications on norepinephrine and dopamine? - Answers They tune
norepinephrine and dopamine to improve concentration and impulse control.
What are the major types of dementia? - Answers Alzheimer's, Frontotemporal, Lewy Bodies,
Vascular, Parkinson's
What is the concept of 'relapse' in addiction? - Answers Relapse refers to the return to substance use
after a period of abstinence.
What factors can contribute to relapse? - Answers Minimal drug use, exposure to cues associated
with drug use, and stress.
How does the PFC relate to relapse? - Answers Inactivation of the PFC prevents relapse.
What neurotransmitter is increased during relapse? - Answers Dopamine (DA) is released in the NAc
during relapse.
Define 'tolerance' in the context of addiction. - Answers Tolerance is the reduced response to a drug
after repeated use, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
