NEUROBIOLOGY 5357 EXAM 4 (SUMMER 2026) QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026
Stimulant medications improve attention and concentration through the following mechanism
except?
a Increase activity in the cerebellum
b Increase interest in new activities
c Increase NE efflux in the PFC
d Increase NE efflux in the striatum - Answers d Increase NE efflux in the striatum
Which structure is associated with which finding in ADHD? Match it
Prefrontal cortex; Working memory
Cerbellum; Temporal processing
Nucleus accumbens; Delay of gratification
Parietal cortex; Compensatory gray matter thickening - Answers
Alzheimer identified all of the following except?
a Neurofibrillary tangles
b cortical atrophy
c amyloid plaques
d β-Amyloid - Answers β-Amyloid
All of the following are increased in AD except?
a Ventricular size
b Amyloid-β precursor
c A-β-42
d CSF tau protein - Answers Amyloid-β precursor
Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of:
a damaged microtubules
b excessively phosphorylated tau
c extracellular protein tangles
d untransportable cellular products - Answers excessively phosphorylated tau
Enhanced transmission of all of the following can result in relapse except?
a Corticotropin-releasing hormone
b Glutamate
c Dopamine
d GABA - Answers GABA
All of the following are involved with cravings except?
a enhanced GABA activation
b hypermetabolism of the PFC with drug cues
c hypometabolism of the PFC to natural stimuli
d glutamatergic activation of the nucleus accumbens - Answers enhanced GABA activation
All of the following are involved in tolerance except?
a downregulation of DA receptors
b habituation
c activation of the PFC
d accumulation of inhibitor transcription factors - Answers activation of the PFC
Pleasurable feelings include all of the following except?
a increased DA at the nucleus accumbens
b Mu receptor stimulation
c DA receptor antagonism
d increased activity of the ventral tegmental area - Answers DA receptor antagonism
Jackson is a 10-year-old patient with ADHD. He often exhibits impulsive behaviors in the classroom
such as running to the window while the teacher is giving a lesson. According to the model of
prefrontal cortex functioning presented Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology, impulsivity associated
with ADHD is hypothetically regulated by what?
a Anterior cingulate cortex
b Prefrontal motor cortex
c Orbital frontal cortex
d Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - Answers Orbital frontal cortex
Stimulant medications improve attention and concentration through the following mechanism
except?
a Increase activity in the cerebellum
b Increase interest in new activities
c Increase NE efflux in the PFC
d Increase NE efflux in the striatum - Answers d Increase NE efflux in the striatum
Which structure is associated with which finding in ADHD? Match it
Prefrontal cortex; Working memory
Cerbellum; Temporal processing
Nucleus accumbens; Delay of gratification
Parietal cortex; Compensatory gray matter thickening - Answers
Alzheimer identified all of the following except?
a Neurofibrillary tangles
b cortical atrophy
c amyloid plaques
d β-Amyloid - Answers β-Amyloid
All of the following are increased in AD except?
a Ventricular size
b Amyloid-β precursor
c A-β-42
d CSF tau protein - Answers Amyloid-β precursor
Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of:
a damaged microtubules
b excessively phosphorylated tau
c extracellular protein tangles
d untransportable cellular products - Answers excessively phosphorylated tau
Enhanced transmission of all of the following can result in relapse except?
a Corticotropin-releasing hormone
b Glutamate
c Dopamine
d GABA - Answers GABA
All of the following are involved with cravings except?
a enhanced GABA activation
b hypermetabolism of the PFC with drug cues
c hypometabolism of the PFC to natural stimuli
d glutamatergic activation of the nucleus accumbens - Answers enhanced GABA activation
All of the following are involved in tolerance except?
a downregulation of DA receptors
b habituation
c activation of the PFC
d accumulation of inhibitor transcription factors - Answers activation of the PFC
Pleasurable feelings include all of the following except?
a increased DA at the nucleus accumbens
b Mu receptor stimulation
c DA receptor antagonism
d increased activity of the ventral tegmental area - Answers DA receptor antagonism
Jackson is a 10-year-old patient with ADHD. He often exhibits impulsive behaviors in the classroom
such as running to the window while the teacher is giving a lesson. According to the model of
prefrontal cortex functioning presented Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology, impulsivity associated
with ADHD is hypothetically regulated by what?
a Anterior cingulate cortex
b Prefrontal motor cortex
c Orbital frontal cortex
d Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - Answers Orbital frontal cortex
