FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Three Sources of Law.
Answer: Constitutional LawStatutory LawCommon Law
◍ Constitutional Law.
Answer: The supreme law of the land. All other laws must comply with the
basic constitutional provisions.
◍ Morals.
Answer: Principles of right and wrong
◍ Statutory Law.
Answer: Declares, commands, or Prohibits something.The written will of
the politically elected legislature.
◍ Common Law.
Answer: Judge Made LawTradition based "Case Law"
◍ the professional code of ethics for law enforcement officers..
Answer: -the law enforcement oath of honor-law enforcement code of
ethics-law enforcement code of conduct-canons of police ethics
◍ Types of Law.
Answer: Substantive LawProcedural Law
◍ United States Constitution.
Answer: Divided into Seven Major Articles.
◍ Brutality and Excessive Force.
Answer: Law enforcement uses more force than is necessary to meet the
threat
,◍ US Constitution Article VI/Supremacy Clause.
Answer: The Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States are the
supreme law of the land. Judges of every state are bound by the US
Constitution regardless of contrary state law. This article also requires all
legislative, executive, and judicial officers of both the states and the United
States to take an oath to support the Constitution.
◍ community.
Answer: jurisdiction and citizens served
◍ public trust.
Answer: charge of duty imposed in faith toward those you serve
◍ The Four Procedural Safeguards.
Answer: Habeas CorpusJuryBills of AttainderEx Post Facto Laws
◍ Bill of Rights.
Answer: First Ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
◍ Off-duty unprofessional conduct.
Answer: Law enforcement officers engage in behavior in their personal lives
that reflects poorly on the department and the profession of law enforcement
◍ Ethical dilemmas most frequently encountered by law enforcement.
Answer: Dilemmas of discretion (when to strictly enforce law and when not
to)Dilemmas of duty (hat is role in society/performing services that are
considered a waste of time)Dilemmas of honestyDilemmas of loyalty
◍ Mama Rosa's Test.
Answer: A new recruit is eating with his FTO and other officers. At the end
of the meal, they prepare to leave and the rookie brings out his wallet to pay.
The other officers tell him to shut up and put his money away. The cops
have been eating at Mama Rosa's for a long time and the restaurant has
never been held up. Mama Rosa is very thankful for this. The rookie insists
on paying for the meal but the other officers don't want him to ruin a good
thing. If the rookie doesn't pay he will be engaging in corrupt behavior and
, will feel bad about it later. If the rookie does pay the other officers will not
trust him.
◍ Due Process Clause.
Answer: (Historical) Applied most of the safeguards in the bill of rights to
the States.
◍ character.
Answer: qualities that distinguish an individual
◍ First Amendment.
Answer: Freedom of Religion-Government may not require or enforce
religious observations. Free exercise but criminal acts may be
excluded(example- use of Peyote during religious ceremony)Freedom of
Speech-Freedom of expression(Time place manner), -Symbolic
Speech(Burning the American Flag)Freedom of the Press- Protects the right
to gather and receive informationFreedom of Assembly and Petition-
Citizens may PEACEABLY assemble and petition the government for a
redress of grievances.
◍ Noble cause corruption.
Answer: rationalization that the "end" of crime fighting justifies "means"
that might otherwise be illegal, unethical, and/or against rules or regulations
◍ Public Servant.
Answer: Due process model-possibility of error-finality is not
priority-insistence on prevention and elimination of mistakes-efficiency is
rejected if it involves shortcuts-protection of process is important as
protection of innocents-coercive power of the state is always subject to
abuse
◍ What are the two competing roles of law enforcement?.
Answer: Crime fighterPublic Servant
◍ Canons of Police Ethics.
Answer: Art 1: Primary Responsibility of the JobArt 2: Limitation of
Authority Art 3: Duty to be familiar with the law and with responsibilities of