MGT 103 P8 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATESTUPDATE 2026

MGT 103 P8 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATESTUPDATE 2026 1. _____ is defined as the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways. a. Motivation b. Management c. Attribution d. Personality e. Contribution - Answers a 2. _____, used to determine individual performance, can be challenging for a manager to impart in an employee. a. Ability b. Motivation c. Work environment d. Skills e. Needs - Answers b 3. Madeline runs a lawn cutting service. She anticipates some increased expenses in her personal life in the next six months, and wants to earn more money to pay for them. Therefore, she has decided to take on additional clients and work more hours. Madeline's motivation is due to a. need or deficiency. b. negative reinforcement. c. low performance-to-outcome expectancy. d. dissatisfaction of physiological needs. e. need for belongingness. - Answers a 4. According to the motivation framework, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is a. choosing a behavior that satisfies the need. b. determining future needs. c. searching for ways to satisfy the need. d. evaluating need satisfaction. e. identifying a need deficiency. - Answers c 5. Steve runs a lawn cutting service. He needed to earn more money. Since he wasn't able to cut any more lawns himself, he hired someone to help him. Since Steve signs up the clients and schedules the service, he takes a percentage from the charge for every lawn cut. It has been a month, and Steve is reviewing his finances to determine if this increased his income sufficiently. According to the motivation framework, what is Steve doing now? a. Feeling a need or deficiency b. Searching for ways to satisfy the need c. Evaluating need satisfaction d. Choosing a behavior to satisfy the need e. Determining future needs and how to satisfy them - Answers c 6. Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated? a. Reinforcement b. Process c. Content d. Equity e. Expectancy - Answers c 7. Housing, clothing, and job security would all be included in which of Maslow's need categories? a. Physiological b. Security c. Belongingness d. Esteem e. Self-actualization - Answers b 8. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once an individual has satisfied his physiological needs, he turns his focus towards _____ needs. a. survival b. esteem c. belongingness d. security e. self-actualization - Answers d 9. Organizations provide adequate wages, comfortable temperatures, restrooms, ventilation, etc. as a means to address the _____ needs of employees. a. esteem b. belongingness c. self-actualization d. security e. physiological - Answers e 10. In the two-factor theory, the factors that influence the satisfaction continuum, which are related specifically to work content, are called _____ factors. a. esteem b. security c. environmental d. motivation e. hygiene - Answers d 11. When a manager tries to encourage social interaction among his subordinates, he is trying to address their need for a. belongingness. b. esteem. c. security. d. physiological. e. self-actualization. - Answers a 12. Family and community relationships outside of work as well as friendships on the job all satisfy the need for a. self-actualization .b. recognition. c. physiology. d. belongingness. e. positive self-image. - Answers d 13. Martha is given a new office and a new job title as recognition for her accomplishment over her years of service to the organization. She is satisfied with the recognition and respect from her colleagues. This portrays that theorganization is addressing her _____ needs. a. esteem b. psychological c. security d. physiology e. self-actualization - Answers a 14. According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for recognition, positive self-image, and self-respect. a. achievement b. security c. self-actualization d. belongingness e. esteem - Answers e 15. _____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy involve realizing one's potential for continued growth and individual development. a. Esteem b. Social c. Self-actualization d. Security e. Physiological - Answers c 16. Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes personal responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a high need for a. achievement. b. affiliation. c. esteem. d. security. e. potential. - Answers a 17. A construction worker injured on the job is on convalescent time-off for five weeks. She has a desire to get back to work and achieve her goals more effectively than she has done in the past. This portrays her need for a. esteem. b. power. c. affiliation. d. security. e. achievement. - Answers e 18. In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all _____ of an individual's behaviors. a. factors b. motivations c. reinforcements d. outcomes e. valences - Answers d 9. Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has a. low effort-to-performance expectancy. b. moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy. c. low performance-to-outcome expectancy .d. high effort-to-performance expectancy. e. moderate effort-to-performance expectancy. - Answers d 20. Neal works for the state of Vermont. He perceives that his union will protect him from getting fired, but the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him retires or dies. He has a. low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. b. low effort-to-performance expectancy, and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. c. high effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. d. high effort-to-performance expectancy, and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. e. zero valence. - Answers a 21. A manager expends extra effort because she has been told that she will get a $50,000 bonus if her team meets its quota. She also feels stress because she has been informed that she will be put on probation if she does not get her team to perform above last year's total. Which of the following does this scenario illustrate? a. Equity theory b. Maslow's esteem needs c. Two-factor theory d. Performance-to-outcome expectancy e. The Porter-Lawler extension - Answers d 22. Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly? a. Expectancy theory b. Reinforcement theory c. Equity theory d. Hierarchy of needs theory e. Two-factor theory - Answers c 23. Goal _____ is the extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort. a. specificity b. clarity c. acceptance d. commitment e. difficulty - Answers e 24. The Porter-Lawler extension of expectancy theory suggests that a. high effort leads to high outcome, regardless of actual performance. b. performance is more valuable than outcome in understanding effort. c. high performance may lead to high satisfaction. d. high satisfaction leads to high performance. e. satisfaction and performance levels are completely independent. - Answers c 25. Ana is a police detective. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling under rewarded for her efforts. In terms of _____, she will decrease her inputs by refusing to do additional work and try to reduce the gap between work and rewards. a. expectancy theory b. reinforcement theory c. equity theory d. hierarchy of needs theory e. two-factor theory - Answers c 26. Brianna's employer has announced a goal of getting workers to live a healthier lifestyle. Because of this, Brianna has improved the foods she eats and is getting more physical activity. Which attribute of the expanded goal-setting theory best portrays this example? a. goal specificity b. goal acceptance c. goal satisfaction d. goal congruity e. goal difficulty - Answers b 27. Tyler is the marketing manager at MarketAds Inc., and Emily is an account manager reporting to him. Tyler instructs Emily to improve public opinion. The goal that Emily was given lacks goal a. specificity .b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty. - Answers a 28. Workers at Windlock Works Inc. were instructed by their supervisor to increase productivity to 350 percent in the next three months. The workers are most likely to be challenged by goal a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty. - Answers e 29. Leo showed up late for a meeting. His boss ignored it. She was using _____ as reinforcement. a. avoidance b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. punishment e. distortion - Answers b 30. Jaime works at Minlog Inc. He has a slight cold and would like to stay home, but he is out of sick days and does not want to lose any vacation days, so he goes into work anyway. Jaime's behavior is strengthened through a. avoidance. b. extinction. c. positive reinforcement. d. incentives. e. distortion. - Answers a 31. Justin put in extra hours to complete an important project on time after unanticipated complications threw it off schedule. In recognition of his efforts, he received a bonus. This motivates him to put in more hard work and better performances. The organization has used _____ to strengthen his behavior. a. avoidance b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. punishment e. distortion - Answers c 32. Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through a. avoidance. b. extinction. c. positive reinforcement. d. punishment. e. incentives. - Answers a 33. Why does the fixed-ratio schedule lead to high level of effort? a. Each demonstration of performance increases the probability of receiving a reward. b. Each behavior gets the person closer to the next reward. c. Employees expect that the boss can check on them at any time. d. Employees know when to expect their paychecks. e. Employees are able to avoid punishment. - Answers b 34. Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. Variable-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Continuous - Answers a 35. Which of the following reinforcement methods can be used to weaken behaviors? a. Recognition b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Participation e. Pay raises - Answers c 36. Clara plays offensive pranks at her workplace, which were so far encouraged by her colleagues. To make sure that she does not repeat such behaviors, managers at the organization instruct her colleagues to ignore her actions. The reinforcement method adopted by the organization is a. recognition. b. punishment. c. avoidance. d. extinction. e. pay raises. - Answers d 37. Alberto complimented Daniel on his project updates two weeks in a row. Then he waited a month to compliment him again. Not knowing when Alberto will drop by for inspection, Daniel keeps his projects updated regularly. What reinforcement schedule is he using? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. Variable-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Fixed-variable - Answers c 38. SegSystems gives its workers a small bonus every time they achieve 100 injury-free days in a row. The type of reinforcement used here is a. fixed-ratio. b. fixed-interval c. variable-interval. d. variable-ratio. e. fixed-variable. - Answers a 39. When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using a. positive reinforcement. b. punishment. c. avoidance. d. extinction. e. an intrinsic reward. - Answers a