NUR 354 PHARMACOLOGY II – EXAM 2 PREP (101 Q&A)| GRADED
A+
LOOP DIURETICS (furosemide, bumetanide)
1. Q: Which drug class do furosemide and bumetanide belong to?
A: Loop diuretics.
Explanation: They act on the loop of Henle.
2. Q: How do loop diuretics work pharmacologically?
A: They block the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the thick
ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
3. Q: Which diuretic class remains effective even when kidney function is impaired?
A: Loop diuretics.
4. Q: Name three therapeutic uses of loop diuretics.
A:
○ Reduce edema caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, or renal failure
○ Temporarily treat hypertension due to fluid volume excess (FVE)
5. Q: What important drug interactions occur with loop diuretics?
A:
○ Hypokalemia increases risk of digoxin toxicity (dysrhythmias)
○ Additive ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity with opioids and aminoglycoside
antibiotics
○ May counteract insulin - hyperglycemia
6. Q: Which foods/herbs interact with loop diuretics?
A:
○ Hawthorn - hypotension
○ Ginseng and high sodium intake - reduced effectiveness
7. Q: List common side effects of loop diuretics.
A: Hypokalemia, other electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, hypotension,
hypovolemia.
8. Q: What adverse effects are possible?
A: Ototoxicity (tinnitus, vertigo, nausea), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, increased
LDL and decreased HDL.
9. Q: What baseline assessments should a nurse obtain before starting loop
diuretics?
A: Vital signs, intake/output (I&Os), edema amount and location, lung sounds,
skin turgor, mucous membrane assessment.
, 10.Q: How should a nurse monitor a patient on loop diuretics?
A: Daily weights at the same time, monitor electrolyte levels, check BP and
HR/pulses before each dose.
11.Q: What symptoms should patients report to their provider?
A: Dry mouth, increased thirst, muscle cramps, nausea/vomiting, or orthostatic
hypotension symptoms (dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting).
12.Q: How do you evaluate effectiveness of loop diuretics?
A: Daily weights, accurate I&Os, electrolyte levels, and kidney function (serum
creatinine & BUN).
THIAZIDE DIURETICS (hydrochlorothiazide)
13.Q: What is hydrochlorothiazide’s drug class?
A: Thiazide diuretic.
14.Q: How do thiazide diuretics work?
A: They block sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption in the kidney tubule,
promoting potassium and water excretion.
15.Q: List therapeutic uses of thiazide diuretics.
A:
○ First‑line for rapid hypertension control
○ Edema from heart failure, liver or kidney disease
○ Reduces urine output in diabetes insipidus
○ Benefits osteoporosis by promoting calcium reabsorption
16.Q: True or False – Thiazides are as effective as loop diuretics.
A: False – thiazides are less effective.
17.Q: What are key drug interactions with thiazides?
A:
○ Additive hypotension with other antihypertensives
○ May reduce efficacy of anticoagulants and insulin
○ NSAIDs increase nephrotoxicity risk
○ Hypokalemia → digoxin toxicity
○ Carbamazepine increases toxicity of both drugs
18.Q: Which foods/herbs interact with thiazides?
A: Ginkgo biloba may paradoxically cause hypertension; hawthorn may cause
hypotension.
19.Q: What side effects are common?
A: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, other electrolyte imbalances, increased gout
attack risk, dehydration.
A+
LOOP DIURETICS (furosemide, bumetanide)
1. Q: Which drug class do furosemide and bumetanide belong to?
A: Loop diuretics.
Explanation: They act on the loop of Henle.
2. Q: How do loop diuretics work pharmacologically?
A: They block the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the thick
ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
3. Q: Which diuretic class remains effective even when kidney function is impaired?
A: Loop diuretics.
4. Q: Name three therapeutic uses of loop diuretics.
A:
○ Reduce edema caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, or renal failure
○ Temporarily treat hypertension due to fluid volume excess (FVE)
5. Q: What important drug interactions occur with loop diuretics?
A:
○ Hypokalemia increases risk of digoxin toxicity (dysrhythmias)
○ Additive ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity with opioids and aminoglycoside
antibiotics
○ May counteract insulin - hyperglycemia
6. Q: Which foods/herbs interact with loop diuretics?
A:
○ Hawthorn - hypotension
○ Ginseng and high sodium intake - reduced effectiveness
7. Q: List common side effects of loop diuretics.
A: Hypokalemia, other electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, hypotension,
hypovolemia.
8. Q: What adverse effects are possible?
A: Ototoxicity (tinnitus, vertigo, nausea), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, increased
LDL and decreased HDL.
9. Q: What baseline assessments should a nurse obtain before starting loop
diuretics?
A: Vital signs, intake/output (I&Os), edema amount and location, lung sounds,
skin turgor, mucous membrane assessment.
, 10.Q: How should a nurse monitor a patient on loop diuretics?
A: Daily weights at the same time, monitor electrolyte levels, check BP and
HR/pulses before each dose.
11.Q: What symptoms should patients report to their provider?
A: Dry mouth, increased thirst, muscle cramps, nausea/vomiting, or orthostatic
hypotension symptoms (dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting).
12.Q: How do you evaluate effectiveness of loop diuretics?
A: Daily weights, accurate I&Os, electrolyte levels, and kidney function (serum
creatinine & BUN).
THIAZIDE DIURETICS (hydrochlorothiazide)
13.Q: What is hydrochlorothiazide’s drug class?
A: Thiazide diuretic.
14.Q: How do thiazide diuretics work?
A: They block sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption in the kidney tubule,
promoting potassium and water excretion.
15.Q: List therapeutic uses of thiazide diuretics.
A:
○ First‑line for rapid hypertension control
○ Edema from heart failure, liver or kidney disease
○ Reduces urine output in diabetes insipidus
○ Benefits osteoporosis by promoting calcium reabsorption
16.Q: True or False – Thiazides are as effective as loop diuretics.
A: False – thiazides are less effective.
17.Q: What are key drug interactions with thiazides?
A:
○ Additive hypotension with other antihypertensives
○ May reduce efficacy of anticoagulants and insulin
○ NSAIDs increase nephrotoxicity risk
○ Hypokalemia → digoxin toxicity
○ Carbamazepine increases toxicity of both drugs
18.Q: Which foods/herbs interact with thiazides?
A: Ginkgo biloba may paradoxically cause hypertension; hawthorn may cause
hypotension.
19.Q: What side effects are common?
A: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, other electrolyte imbalances, increased gout
attack risk, dehydration.
