Exam 3 (Nur 3300) Questions With Correct
Answers
MAJOR STEPS IN EBP - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. *Ask questions* that reflect
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uncertainties in clinical practice-- PICO framework | | | | |
2. *Search for* and assemble evidence
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3. *Appraise and synthesize* evidence
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4. *Integrate* evidence w/ other sources
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5. *Assess effectiveness* of decision or advice
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Step 3: *Appraise* the evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Quality: To what extent
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is the evidence valid- how serious is the risk of biases?
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Magnitude: How large is effect of the intervention or influence (I) on the outcome
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(O) in the population of interest (P)? Are the effects clinically significant?
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Quantity: How much evidence is there? How many studies have been conducted,
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and did those studies involve a large # of participants?
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Consistency: How consistent are the findings across various studies?
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Step 4: *Apply* the evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Evidence needs to be
| | | | | | | | | | |
integrated w/ one's own clinical expertise and knowledge of the clinical setting
| | | | | | | | | | |
Integration of evidence from qualitative research, which can provide rich insights
| | | | | | | | | | |
about how patients experience a problem or about barriers to complying w/ a
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treatment, is important | |
,Step 5: *Assess* the outcome of the practice change - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Did
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you achieve the desired outcomes?
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Were patients satisfied w/ the results?
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*Ethnography*
Mingling w/ many members of the culture- a "big net" approach
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Informational conversations with 25-50 informants | | | |
Multiple interviews w/ smaller number of key informants
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Typically involves sampling things as well as people - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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*Describes and interprets a culture and cultural behavior*
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Culture is the way a group of people live, is inferred from the group's words,
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actions, and products. - the patterns of activity and the symbolic structures (i.e.,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the values and norms) that give such activity significance
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Relies on extensive, labor-intensive fieldwork
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Assumption: Cultures guide the way people structure their experiences
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Seeks on emic perspective (insider's view) of the culture
| | | | | | | |
Relies on wide range of data sources (interviews, observations, documents; some
| | | | | | | | | | |
may be quantitative)
| |
Participant observation is a particularly important source
| | | | | |
Product: an in-depth, holistic portrait of the culture under study
| | | | | | | | |
*Phenomenology*
Relies on very small samples (often 10 or fewer)
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, Two principles guide sample selection:
| | | |
Participants must have experienced phenomenon of interest
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They must be able to articulate what it is like to have lived that experience
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
May sample artistic or literary sources - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*Focuses on the
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description and interpretation of people's lived experience*
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Acknowledge people's physical ties to their world; "being in the world"
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Four key aspects of experience:
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1. lived space
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2. live body
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3. lived time
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4. lived human relation
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*Main data source:* in-depth conversations w/ a small # of participants who have
| | | | | | | | | | | |
experienced the phenomenon
| | |
Descriptive Phenomenology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Describes human
| | | | | |
experience
Phases
*Bracketing*: the process of identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived
| | | | | | | | | |
beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
| | | | | | |
*Intuiting*: occurs when researchers remain open to the meanings attributed to
| | | | | | | | | | |
the phenomenon by those have experienced it
| | | | | |
*Analyzing:* extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
| | | | | | | | |
essential meanings |
Answers
MAJOR STEPS IN EBP - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. *Ask questions* that reflect
| | | | | | | | | | |
uncertainties in clinical practice-- PICO framework | | | | |
2. *Search for* and assemble evidence
| | | | |
3. *Appraise and synthesize* evidence
| | | |
4. *Integrate* evidence w/ other sources
| | | | |
5. *Assess effectiveness* of decision or advice
| | | | | |
Step 3: *Appraise* the evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Quality: To what extent
| | | | | | | | | | |
is the evidence valid- how serious is the risk of biases?
| | | | | | | | | |
Magnitude: How large is effect of the intervention or influence (I) on the outcome
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(O) in the population of interest (P)? Are the effects clinically significant?
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Quantity: How much evidence is there? How many studies have been conducted,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and did those studies involve a large # of participants?
| | | | | | | | |
Consistency: How consistent are the findings across various studies?
| | | | | | | |
Step 4: *Apply* the evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Evidence needs to be
| | | | | | | | | | |
integrated w/ one's own clinical expertise and knowledge of the clinical setting
| | | | | | | | | | |
Integration of evidence from qualitative research, which can provide rich insights
| | | | | | | | | | |
about how patients experience a problem or about barriers to complying w/ a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
treatment, is important | |
,Step 5: *Assess* the outcome of the practice change - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Did
| | | | | | | | | | |
you achieve the desired outcomes?
| | | | |
Were patients satisfied w/ the results?
| | | | |
*Ethnography*
Mingling w/ many members of the culture- a "big net" approach
| | | | | | | | | |
Informational conversations with 25-50 informants | | | |
Multiple interviews w/ smaller number of key informants
| | | | | | |
Typically involves sampling things as well as people - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
*Describes and interprets a culture and cultural behavior*
| | | | | | |
Culture is the way a group of people live, is inferred from the group's words,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
actions, and products. - the patterns of activity and the symbolic structures (i.e.,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the values and norms) that give such activity significance
| | | | | | | |
Relies on extensive, labor-intensive fieldwork
| | | |
Assumption: Cultures guide the way people structure their experiences
| | | | | | | |
Seeks on emic perspective (insider's view) of the culture
| | | | | | | |
Relies on wide range of data sources (interviews, observations, documents; some
| | | | | | | | | | |
may be quantitative)
| |
Participant observation is a particularly important source
| | | | | |
Product: an in-depth, holistic portrait of the culture under study
| | | | | | | | |
*Phenomenology*
Relies on very small samples (often 10 or fewer)
| | | | | | | |
, Two principles guide sample selection:
| | | |
Participants must have experienced phenomenon of interest
| | | | | | |
They must be able to articulate what it is like to have lived that experience
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
May sample artistic or literary sources - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*Focuses on the
| | | | | | | | | | |
description and interpretation of people's lived experience*
| | | | | |
Acknowledge people's physical ties to their world; "being in the world"
| | | | | | | | | |
Four key aspects of experience:
| | | |
1. lived space
| |
2. live body
| |
3. lived time
| |
4. lived human relation
| | |
*Main data source:* in-depth conversations w/ a small # of participants who have
| | | | | | | | | | | |
experienced the phenomenon
| | |
Descriptive Phenomenology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Describes human
| | | | | |
experience
Phases
*Bracketing*: the process of identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived
| | | | | | | | | |
beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
| | | | | | |
*Intuiting*: occurs when researchers remain open to the meanings attributed to
| | | | | | | | | | |
the phenomenon by those have experienced it
| | | | | |
*Analyzing:* extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
| | | | | | | | |
essential meanings |
