Human Digestive System — Solved Exam Questions:
Short Questions
Question 1
Define digestion.
Answer:
Digestion is the process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler
absorbable molecules.
Question 2
What is the function of saliva?
Answer:
Saliva moistens food, helps in swallowing, and begins carbohydrate digestion through the
enzyme amylase.
Question 3
Name the organs of the digestive system.
Answer:
•Mouth
•Esophagus
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Large intestine
•Rectum
•Anus
Accessory organs:
•Liver
•Pancreas
•Gallbladder
Question 4
What is peristalsis?
Answer:
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscular movement that pushes food through the digestive tract.
Question 5
What is the role of the stomach?
Answer:
The stomach stores food, mixes it with gastric juices, and begins protein digestion.
Question 6
What is bile?
Answer:
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats.
Question 7
State two functions of the liver.
Answer:
, •Produces bile
•Stores glycogen
Question 8
What is the function of the small intestine?
Answer:
The small intestine is responsible for most digestion and nutrient absorption.
Question 9
What are villi?
Answer:
Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
Question 10
What is the function of the large intestine?
Answer:
The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
Long Questions
Question 1
Explain the process of digestion in the human body.
Answer:
Digestion begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Salivary amylase
starts carbohydrate digestion. Food then passes through the esophagus into the stomach by
peristalsis.
In the stomach, gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin begins protein
digestion. Food is converted into semi-liquid chyme.
The chyme enters the small intestine where bile from the liver emulsifies fats, and pancreatic
enzymes digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Nutrients are absorbed through villi into the bloodstream.
Water is absorbed in the large intestine, and waste materials are excreted through the anus.
Question 2
Describe the functions of the liver.
Answer:
The liver performs several important functions:
•Produces bile for fat digestion
•Stores glycogen
•Detoxifies harmful substances
•Stores vitamins and minerals
•Produces plasma proteins
•Regulates blood glucose levels
Question 3
Differentiate between small intestine and large intestine.
Short Questions
Question 1
Define digestion.
Answer:
Digestion is the process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler
absorbable molecules.
Question 2
What is the function of saliva?
Answer:
Saliva moistens food, helps in swallowing, and begins carbohydrate digestion through the
enzyme amylase.
Question 3
Name the organs of the digestive system.
Answer:
•Mouth
•Esophagus
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Large intestine
•Rectum
•Anus
Accessory organs:
•Liver
•Pancreas
•Gallbladder
Question 4
What is peristalsis?
Answer:
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscular movement that pushes food through the digestive tract.
Question 5
What is the role of the stomach?
Answer:
The stomach stores food, mixes it with gastric juices, and begins protein digestion.
Question 6
What is bile?
Answer:
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats.
Question 7
State two functions of the liver.
Answer:
, •Produces bile
•Stores glycogen
Question 8
What is the function of the small intestine?
Answer:
The small intestine is responsible for most digestion and nutrient absorption.
Question 9
What are villi?
Answer:
Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
Question 10
What is the function of the large intestine?
Answer:
The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
Long Questions
Question 1
Explain the process of digestion in the human body.
Answer:
Digestion begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Salivary amylase
starts carbohydrate digestion. Food then passes through the esophagus into the stomach by
peristalsis.
In the stomach, gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin begins protein
digestion. Food is converted into semi-liquid chyme.
The chyme enters the small intestine where bile from the liver emulsifies fats, and pancreatic
enzymes digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Nutrients are absorbed through villi into the bloodstream.
Water is absorbed in the large intestine, and waste materials are excreted through the anus.
Question 2
Describe the functions of the liver.
Answer:
The liver performs several important functions:
•Produces bile for fat digestion
•Stores glycogen
•Detoxifies harmful substances
•Stores vitamins and minerals
•Produces plasma proteins
•Regulates blood glucose levels
Question 3
Differentiate between small intestine and large intestine.
