PSB 4447 EXAM 3 Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) 2026
What is the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Where are CB1 receptors primarily distributed in the brain?
Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, striatum, and hippocampus.
What is the naturally occurring endogenous chemical that stimulates THC
receptors?
Anandamide.
Describe the mechanism by which THC increases dopamine release in the nucleus
accumbens.
THC inhibits GABA-releasing neurons, which disinhibits dopamine neurons in the
mesolimbic reward circuit.
What is the typical duration of effects for smoked marijuana?
2 to 4 hours.
How long can THC metabolites remain detectable in the urine of chronic users?
30 or more days.
What are the common acute negative effects of high-dose marijuana use?
Paranoia, dry mouth, respiratory problems, nervousness, racing heart, impaired
memory, and confusion.
What is the most common physical health impact of regular marijuana smoking?
Lung and throat problems, such as coughing, increased infections, and reduced
lung capacity.
What does current research suggest regarding the long-term impact of marijuana
on IQ?
, Evidence suggests it likely does not lead to sustained changes in IQ or general
cognitive functioning.
What is the relationship between heavy high-THC cannabis use and psychosis?
There is strong evidence that heavy use increases the risk for the onset and
exacerbation of psychotic disorders.
List four symptoms of DSM-5 Cannabis Withdrawal.
Irritability, anxiety, insomnia, and decreased appetite.
What is the primary cause of death in heroin overdose?
Respiratory depression.
What is the chemical name for heroin?
Diacetylmorphine.
How does the potency of fentanyl compare to heroin and morphine?
Fentanyl is 80-100x stronger than morphine and 50x stronger than heroin.
Which route of administration for heroin provides the most rapid onset and greatest
intensity?
Intravenous (IV) injection.
What happens to heroin once it crosses the blood-brain barrier?
It is converted into morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors.
What are the physical effects of heroin during the 'nodding' phase?
Drowsiness, clouded mental function, and slowed cardiac and respiratory function.
What trend has been observed regarding the administration of heroin among users?
While injection remains predominant in treatment, there is a shift toward sniffing
and smoking due to increased purity.
In what year was heroin synthesized by Felix Hoffman?
1897.
Answers (Verified Answers) 2026
What is the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Where are CB1 receptors primarily distributed in the brain?
Prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, striatum, and hippocampus.
What is the naturally occurring endogenous chemical that stimulates THC
receptors?
Anandamide.
Describe the mechanism by which THC increases dopamine release in the nucleus
accumbens.
THC inhibits GABA-releasing neurons, which disinhibits dopamine neurons in the
mesolimbic reward circuit.
What is the typical duration of effects for smoked marijuana?
2 to 4 hours.
How long can THC metabolites remain detectable in the urine of chronic users?
30 or more days.
What are the common acute negative effects of high-dose marijuana use?
Paranoia, dry mouth, respiratory problems, nervousness, racing heart, impaired
memory, and confusion.
What is the most common physical health impact of regular marijuana smoking?
Lung and throat problems, such as coughing, increased infections, and reduced
lung capacity.
What does current research suggest regarding the long-term impact of marijuana
on IQ?
, Evidence suggests it likely does not lead to sustained changes in IQ or general
cognitive functioning.
What is the relationship between heavy high-THC cannabis use and psychosis?
There is strong evidence that heavy use increases the risk for the onset and
exacerbation of psychotic disorders.
List four symptoms of DSM-5 Cannabis Withdrawal.
Irritability, anxiety, insomnia, and decreased appetite.
What is the primary cause of death in heroin overdose?
Respiratory depression.
What is the chemical name for heroin?
Diacetylmorphine.
How does the potency of fentanyl compare to heroin and morphine?
Fentanyl is 80-100x stronger than morphine and 50x stronger than heroin.
Which route of administration for heroin provides the most rapid onset and greatest
intensity?
Intravenous (IV) injection.
What happens to heroin once it crosses the blood-brain barrier?
It is converted into morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors.
What are the physical effects of heroin during the 'nodding' phase?
Drowsiness, clouded mental function, and slowed cardiac and respiratory function.
What trend has been observed regarding the administration of heroin among users?
While injection remains predominant in treatment, there is a shift toward sniffing
and smoking due to increased purity.
In what year was heroin synthesized by Felix Hoffman?
1897.
