PHLT 313 EXAM 1 FINAL PAPER 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION UPDATED
◉ Determinants of Health.
Answer: - Determinants of health fall under several categories
• Policymaking
• Biology and Genetic Factor
• Individual Behavior
• Social Factors
• Environmental Factors
- Individual lifestyle factors
- Social and community networks
- Other general macroenvironmental conditions of socioeconomic,
cultural, and environmental conditions that impact health
◉ Physical Environment.
Answer: - Connection between health and the environment
• Water, Food, Milk Sanitation
• Improve Nutrition
- Could deteriorate without adequate support of the governmental
public health infrastructure
,◉ Environmental Health Problems.
Answer: - Global warming
- Population growth
- Habitat destruction
- Loss of green spaces
- Not amenable to quick technical fixes!!
- Resolution require community and societal engagement
- Places in which people work and live
• Tobacco smoke
• Pesticides
• Toxic housing: lead-based paint, asbestos-containing insulation
- Urban vs Rural
• Exercise
• Diet
• Air pollution
◉ Hurricane Disasters (Environmental Health Example).
Answer: - Flooding
- Power outages
- Water supplies
- Food and water safety
,- Shelter
- Clean up
- possible disease outbreak as a concern with mass shelter
◉ Social Determinants of Health.
Answer: - Neighborhood and Built Environment
- Health and Health Care
- Social and Community Context
- Education
- Economic Stability
◉ Examples of Social Determinants.
Answer: - Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe
housing and local food markets)
- Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
- Access to health care services
- Quality of education and job training
- Availability of community-based resources in support of
community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-
time activities
- Transportation options
- Public safety
, - Social support Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination,
racism, and distrust of government)
- Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of
trash and lack of cooperation in a community)
- Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty and the
stressful conditions that accompany it)
- Residential segregation
- Language/Literacy
- Access to mass media and emerging technologies (e.g., cell phones,
the Internet, and social media
- Culture
◉ Socioeconomic Status vs. Health.
Answer: - Socioeconomic status (SES)
•Social standing or class of an individual or group
• Education, Income, Occupation
• In general, socioeconomically advantaged people have lower
mortality, morbidity, and disability rate
- Studies examined association between SES and health
- SES is strongly related to access to and the quality of preventive
care, ambulatory care, and high-technology procedure
◉ Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Health.
QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION UPDATED
◉ Determinants of Health.
Answer: - Determinants of health fall under several categories
• Policymaking
• Biology and Genetic Factor
• Individual Behavior
• Social Factors
• Environmental Factors
- Individual lifestyle factors
- Social and community networks
- Other general macroenvironmental conditions of socioeconomic,
cultural, and environmental conditions that impact health
◉ Physical Environment.
Answer: - Connection between health and the environment
• Water, Food, Milk Sanitation
• Improve Nutrition
- Could deteriorate without adequate support of the governmental
public health infrastructure
,◉ Environmental Health Problems.
Answer: - Global warming
- Population growth
- Habitat destruction
- Loss of green spaces
- Not amenable to quick technical fixes!!
- Resolution require community and societal engagement
- Places in which people work and live
• Tobacco smoke
• Pesticides
• Toxic housing: lead-based paint, asbestos-containing insulation
- Urban vs Rural
• Exercise
• Diet
• Air pollution
◉ Hurricane Disasters (Environmental Health Example).
Answer: - Flooding
- Power outages
- Water supplies
- Food and water safety
,- Shelter
- Clean up
- possible disease outbreak as a concern with mass shelter
◉ Social Determinants of Health.
Answer: - Neighborhood and Built Environment
- Health and Health Care
- Social and Community Context
- Education
- Economic Stability
◉ Examples of Social Determinants.
Answer: - Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe
housing and local food markets)
- Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
- Access to health care services
- Quality of education and job training
- Availability of community-based resources in support of
community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-
time activities
- Transportation options
- Public safety
, - Social support Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination,
racism, and distrust of government)
- Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of
trash and lack of cooperation in a community)
- Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty and the
stressful conditions that accompany it)
- Residential segregation
- Language/Literacy
- Access to mass media and emerging technologies (e.g., cell phones,
the Internet, and social media
- Culture
◉ Socioeconomic Status vs. Health.
Answer: - Socioeconomic status (SES)
•Social standing or class of an individual or group
• Education, Income, Occupation
• In general, socioeconomically advantaged people have lower
mortality, morbidity, and disability rate
- Studies examined association between SES and health
- SES is strongly related to access to and the quality of preventive
care, ambulatory care, and high-technology procedure
◉ Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Health.
