Page 1 of 354
HESI CAT EXAM QUESTION BANK
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES LATEST EXAM UPDATE
The nurse is caring for a client who is on a low-carbohydrate diet. With
this diet, there is decreased glucose available for energy and fat is
metabolized for energy, resulting in an increased production of which
substance in the urine?
1
Protein
2
Glucose
3
Ketones
4
Uric acid - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
,Page 2 of 354
As a result of fat metabolism, ketone bodies are formed, and the kidneys
attempt to decrease the excess by filtration and excretion. Excessive
ketones in the blood can cause metabolic acidosis. A low-carbohydrate
diet does not cause increased protein, glucose, or uric acid in the urine.
STUDY TIP: The old standbys of enough sleep and adequate nutritional
intake also help keep excessive stress at bay. Although nursing students
learn about the body's energy needs in anatomy and physiology classes,
somehow they tend to forget that glucose is necessary for brain cells to
work. Skipping breakfast or lunch or surviving on junk food puts the
brain at a disadvantage.
A nurse is assessing a toddler with the diagnosis of lead poisoning. What
is the most harmful adverse effect that the nurse anticipates?
1
Inadequate nutrition
2
Delayed development
3
Anemia and constipation
4
Renal and skeletal damage - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 2
Irreversible neurologic and intellectual damage is the most serious
consequence of lead poisoning, the result of cortical atrophy and
,Page 3 of 354
encephalopathy. Although there may be a nutritional deficit, it is not the
priority. Anemia and constipation, as well as renal and skeletal damage,
do occur, but they are reversible.
A nurse is admitting a 2-year-old toddler who ingested half of a bottle of
aspirin tablets to the emergency department. What is the origin of the
metabolic acidosis caused by aspirin toxicity?
1
Deep rapid breathing
2
Higher pH of gastric contents
3
Rapid absorption of salicylate
4
Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
Rapid absorption of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) causes the stomach
contents to become more acidic, leading to metabolic acidosis.
Hyperventilation is the body's attempt to blow off excess hydrogen ions;
carbon dioxide is converted to hydrogen ions by way of the carbonic
anhydrase reaction. The pH of the stomach contents decreases with
aspirin toxicity, becoming more acidic, resulting in metabolic acidosis.
Although increased renal excretion of bicarbonate can contribute to
metabolic acidosis, this is not the mechanism associated with aspirin
toxicity. In
, Page 4 of 354
metabolic acidosis associated with aspirin toxicity the kidneys attempt to
decrease the renal excretion of bicarbonate.
While completing an assessment, the nurse finds that a client has
decreased thickness and excessive dryness of the epidermis. Which
clinical finding is associated with this skin assessment?
1
Skin tears
2
Skin cancer
3
Skin fragility
4
Skin hyperplasia - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
The nurse may assess excessive skin dryness due to decreased epidermal
thickness. It is associated with skin transparency and fragility. Skin tears
may occur due to the flattening of the dermal- epidermal junction.
Decreased mitotic homeostasis in the epidermis may cause skin cancer.
Skin hyperplasia may occur due to sun-induced changes that cause a
decrease in mitotic homeostasis.
Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that
content is critical to your choosing the correct response. Be alert for
HESI CAT EXAM QUESTION BANK
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES LATEST EXAM UPDATE
The nurse is caring for a client who is on a low-carbohydrate diet. With
this diet, there is decreased glucose available for energy and fat is
metabolized for energy, resulting in an increased production of which
substance in the urine?
1
Protein
2
Glucose
3
Ketones
4
Uric acid - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
,Page 2 of 354
As a result of fat metabolism, ketone bodies are formed, and the kidneys
attempt to decrease the excess by filtration and excretion. Excessive
ketones in the blood can cause metabolic acidosis. A low-carbohydrate
diet does not cause increased protein, glucose, or uric acid in the urine.
STUDY TIP: The old standbys of enough sleep and adequate nutritional
intake also help keep excessive stress at bay. Although nursing students
learn about the body's energy needs in anatomy and physiology classes,
somehow they tend to forget that glucose is necessary for brain cells to
work. Skipping breakfast or lunch or surviving on junk food puts the
brain at a disadvantage.
A nurse is assessing a toddler with the diagnosis of lead poisoning. What
is the most harmful adverse effect that the nurse anticipates?
1
Inadequate nutrition
2
Delayed development
3
Anemia and constipation
4
Renal and skeletal damage - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 2
Irreversible neurologic and intellectual damage is the most serious
consequence of lead poisoning, the result of cortical atrophy and
,Page 3 of 354
encephalopathy. Although there may be a nutritional deficit, it is not the
priority. Anemia and constipation, as well as renal and skeletal damage,
do occur, but they are reversible.
A nurse is admitting a 2-year-old toddler who ingested half of a bottle of
aspirin tablets to the emergency department. What is the origin of the
metabolic acidosis caused by aspirin toxicity?
1
Deep rapid breathing
2
Higher pH of gastric contents
3
Rapid absorption of salicylate
4
Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
Rapid absorption of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) causes the stomach
contents to become more acidic, leading to metabolic acidosis.
Hyperventilation is the body's attempt to blow off excess hydrogen ions;
carbon dioxide is converted to hydrogen ions by way of the carbonic
anhydrase reaction. The pH of the stomach contents decreases with
aspirin toxicity, becoming more acidic, resulting in metabolic acidosis.
Although increased renal excretion of bicarbonate can contribute to
metabolic acidosis, this is not the mechanism associated with aspirin
toxicity. In
, Page 4 of 354
metabolic acidosis associated with aspirin toxicity the kidneys attempt to
decrease the renal excretion of bicarbonate.
While completing an assessment, the nurse finds that a client has
decreased thickness and excessive dryness of the epidermis. Which
clinical finding is associated with this skin assessment?
1
Skin tears
2
Skin cancer
3
Skin fragility
4
Skin hyperplasia - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 3
The nurse may assess excessive skin dryness due to decreased epidermal
thickness. It is associated with skin transparency and fragility. Skin tears
may occur due to the flattening of the dermal- epidermal junction.
Decreased mitotic homeostasis in the epidermis may cause skin cancer.
Skin hyperplasia may occur due to sun-induced changes that cause a
decrease in mitotic homeostasis.
Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that
content is critical to your choosing the correct response. Be alert for
