NR293 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V1
NR293 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V1
1. What is the first-pass effect in pharmacology?
A. The process of a drug being excreted by the kidneys after one cycle.
B. The initial distribution of a drug to the heart and brain.
C. The rapid absorption of a drug through the stomach lining.
D. The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
immediately after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. This process significantly
reduces the amount of active drug that enters the general blood circulation. It is primarily
observed with medications taken by the oral route.
2. Which of the following is considered a ‘right’ of medication administration?
A. Right diagnosis
B. Right documentation
C. Right room number
D. Right insurance provider
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Explanation: Right documentation is one of the essential ‘rights’ to ensure patient
safety and legal accountability. Nurses must record the time, dose, and route immediately
after the medication is given. This practice prevents errors such as double dosing or missed
treatments.
3. What is the primary mechanism of action for Albuterol?
A. Beta-1 antagonist
B. Beta-2 agonist
C. Alpha-1 blocker
D. Cholinergic stimulator
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Albuterol works by stimulating the beta-2 receptors located in the
smooth muscles of the lungs. This stimulation leads to bronchodilation, which helps open
the airways during an asthma attack. It is classified as a short-acting beta agonist (SABA)
for rescue use.
4. Which vital sign is most critical to monitor before administering Morphine?
A. Temperature
B. Heart rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory rate
, Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause significant respiratory
depression. The nurse must assess the respiratory rate to ensure it is within a safe range,
usually above 12 breaths per minute. If the rate is too low, the medication should be
withheld and the provider notified.
5. What is the common side effect of ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril?
A. Yellowing of the sclera
B. Excessive hair growth
C. Dry, nonproductive cough
D. Increased heart rate
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors often cause a persistent dry cough due to the
accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs. This side effect is a common reason patients
switch to an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB). It is not harmful but can be very
annoying for the patient.
6. When administering Nitroglycerin sublingually for chest pain, how many doses can be
given?
A. One dose only
B. Two doses, 10 minutes apart
NR293 Final Exam Actual Exam Style V1
1. What is the first-pass effect in pharmacology?
A. The process of a drug being excreted by the kidneys after one cycle.
B. The initial distribution of a drug to the heart and brain.
C. The rapid absorption of a drug through the stomach lining.
D. The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
immediately after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. This process significantly
reduces the amount of active drug that enters the general blood circulation. It is primarily
observed with medications taken by the oral route.
2. Which of the following is considered a ‘right’ of medication administration?
A. Right diagnosis
B. Right documentation
C. Right room number
D. Right insurance provider
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Explanation: Right documentation is one of the essential ‘rights’ to ensure patient
safety and legal accountability. Nurses must record the time, dose, and route immediately
after the medication is given. This practice prevents errors such as double dosing or missed
treatments.
3. What is the primary mechanism of action for Albuterol?
A. Beta-1 antagonist
B. Beta-2 agonist
C. Alpha-1 blocker
D. Cholinergic stimulator
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Albuterol works by stimulating the beta-2 receptors located in the
smooth muscles of the lungs. This stimulation leads to bronchodilation, which helps open
the airways during an asthma attack. It is classified as a short-acting beta agonist (SABA)
for rescue use.
4. Which vital sign is most critical to monitor before administering Morphine?
A. Temperature
B. Heart rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory rate
, Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Morphine is an opioid analgesic that can cause significant respiratory
depression. The nurse must assess the respiratory rate to ensure it is within a safe range,
usually above 12 breaths per minute. If the rate is too low, the medication should be
withheld and the provider notified.
5. What is the common side effect of ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril?
A. Yellowing of the sclera
B. Excessive hair growth
C. Dry, nonproductive cough
D. Increased heart rate
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: ACE inhibitors often cause a persistent dry cough due to the
accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs. This side effect is a common reason patients
switch to an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB). It is not harmful but can be very
annoying for the patient.
6. When administering Nitroglycerin sublingually for chest pain, how many doses can be
given?
A. One dose only
B. Two doses, 10 minutes apart
