1
NR 228 / NR228 Exam 1 Nutrition Health and
Wellness Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Complete
Exam-Style Questions | 100% Verified – Detailed
Rationales – Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Basic Nutrition Principles and Digestion | Q1 – Q15
Section 2 | Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats | Q16 – Q30
Section 3 | Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals | Q31 – Q45
Section 4 | Nutrition Across the Lifespan and Special Populations | Q46 – Q60
Section 5 | Nutrition in Clinical Practice and Health Promotion | Q61 – Q75
SECTION 1: BASIC NUTRITION PRINCIPLES AND DIGESTION
Question 1 of 75
A 45-year-old male patient presents with steatorrhea (foul-smelling, greasy stools) and
significant weight loss despite adequate oral intake. The physician suspects a deficiency in the
pancreatic enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown of dietary lipids. Which specific
enzyme is primarily responsible for digesting fats in the small intestine?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipase is the essential enzyme that breaks down dietary triglycerides into fatty acids
and glycerol, and its deficiency leads to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea. Amylase targets
carbohydrates and pepsin targets proteins, so insufficient levels of these enzymes would not
,2
result in fatty stools. Management often involves pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT)
taken with meals.
Question 2 of 75
A community health nurse is conducting a nutrition class for local adults. She wants to explain
the concept of nutrient density to help participants choose foods that provide the most vitamins
and minerals for the least amount of calories. Which of the following food examples best
illustrates the principle of high nutrient density?
A. A glazed donut
B. Fresh spinach
C. A can of soda
D. Buttered popcorn ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh spinach is high in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like iron, while
being very low in calories, making it a highly nutrient-dense choice. The donut, soda, and
buttered popcorn are high in calories but provide little micronutrient value, classifying them as
energy-dense rather than nutrient-dense. Teaching patients to identify nutrient-dense foods is a
cornerstone of chronic disease prevention.
Question 3 of 75
During a physical assessment, a nurse asks a patient about their recent dietary intake. The patient
reports avoiding all citrus fruits, tomatoes, and strawberries because they experience mouth
itching and swelling. This type of adverse immune system reaction to a specific food protein is
best described as which of the following?
A. Food allergy
B. Food intolerance
,3
C. Food aversion
D. Disordered eating ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A food allergy involves the immune system producing antibodies (such as IgE) in
response to specific proteins, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis. Food
intolerance, such as lactose intolerance, involves the digestive system (e.g., lacking an enzyme)
rather than the immune system and does not typically cause life-threatening swelling. Accurate
identification is critical to prevent accidental exposure and anaphylaxis.
Question 4 of 75
A nurse is caring for a post-operative patient who is experiencing delayed gastric emptying,
resulting in nausea and vomiting. The patient’s diet order is currently NPO. Which anatomical
sphincter, located between the stomach and the small intestine, controls the rate at which chyme
enters the duodenum and is likely malfunctioning?
A. Lower esophageal sphincter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Anal sphincter ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pyloric sphincter regulates the emptying of stomach contents (chyme) into the
duodenum; if it is too tight or spastic, it causes gastric stasis. The lower esophageal sphincter
prevents reflux, the ileocecal valve connects the small and large intestines, and the anal sphincter
controls defecation. Understanding gastric motility is essential when managing post-surgical
dietary advancements.
Question 5 of 75
, 4
While reviewing the anatomy of the digestive system with a nursing student, the instructor asks
which accessory organ is responsible for producing and storing bile, a substance essential for the
emulsification of dietary fats. Which organ is the instructor describing?
A. Gallbladder
B. Spleen
C. Pancreas
D. Liver ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
before being released into the small intestine to emulsify fats. The spleen is part of the lymphatic
system, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. The emulsification process
increases the surface area of fats, allowing lipase to work more efficiently.
Question 6 of 75
A 30-year-old female is 5 feet 5 inches tall and weighs 145 pounds. The nurse needs to calculate
her Body Mass Index (BMI) to screen for weight-related health risks. Using the metric formula
(kg/m²), which BMI category does this patient fall into?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
NR 228 / NR228 Exam 1 Nutrition Health and
Wellness Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Complete
Exam-Style Questions | 100% Verified – Detailed
Rationales – Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Basic Nutrition Principles and Digestion | Q1 – Q15
Section 2 | Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats | Q16 – Q30
Section 3 | Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals | Q31 – Q45
Section 4 | Nutrition Across the Lifespan and Special Populations | Q46 – Q60
Section 5 | Nutrition in Clinical Practice and Health Promotion | Q61 – Q75
SECTION 1: BASIC NUTRITION PRINCIPLES AND DIGESTION
Question 1 of 75
A 45-year-old male patient presents with steatorrhea (foul-smelling, greasy stools) and
significant weight loss despite adequate oral intake. The physician suspects a deficiency in the
pancreatic enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown of dietary lipids. Which specific
enzyme is primarily responsible for digesting fats in the small intestine?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipase is the essential enzyme that breaks down dietary triglycerides into fatty acids
and glycerol, and its deficiency leads to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea. Amylase targets
carbohydrates and pepsin targets proteins, so insufficient levels of these enzymes would not
,2
result in fatty stools. Management often involves pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT)
taken with meals.
Question 2 of 75
A community health nurse is conducting a nutrition class for local adults. She wants to explain
the concept of nutrient density to help participants choose foods that provide the most vitamins
and minerals for the least amount of calories. Which of the following food examples best
illustrates the principle of high nutrient density?
A. A glazed donut
B. Fresh spinach
C. A can of soda
D. Buttered popcorn ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh spinach is high in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as minerals like iron, while
being very low in calories, making it a highly nutrient-dense choice. The donut, soda, and
buttered popcorn are high in calories but provide little micronutrient value, classifying them as
energy-dense rather than nutrient-dense. Teaching patients to identify nutrient-dense foods is a
cornerstone of chronic disease prevention.
Question 3 of 75
During a physical assessment, a nurse asks a patient about their recent dietary intake. The patient
reports avoiding all citrus fruits, tomatoes, and strawberries because they experience mouth
itching and swelling. This type of adverse immune system reaction to a specific food protein is
best described as which of the following?
A. Food allergy
B. Food intolerance
,3
C. Food aversion
D. Disordered eating ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A food allergy involves the immune system producing antibodies (such as IgE) in
response to specific proteins, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis. Food
intolerance, such as lactose intolerance, involves the digestive system (e.g., lacking an enzyme)
rather than the immune system and does not typically cause life-threatening swelling. Accurate
identification is critical to prevent accidental exposure and anaphylaxis.
Question 4 of 75
A nurse is caring for a post-operative patient who is experiencing delayed gastric emptying,
resulting in nausea and vomiting. The patient’s diet order is currently NPO. Which anatomical
sphincter, located between the stomach and the small intestine, controls the rate at which chyme
enters the duodenum and is likely malfunctioning?
A. Lower esophageal sphincter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Anal sphincter ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pyloric sphincter regulates the emptying of stomach contents (chyme) into the
duodenum; if it is too tight or spastic, it causes gastric stasis. The lower esophageal sphincter
prevents reflux, the ileocecal valve connects the small and large intestines, and the anal sphincter
controls defecation. Understanding gastric motility is essential when managing post-surgical
dietary advancements.
Question 5 of 75
, 4
While reviewing the anatomy of the digestive system with a nursing student, the instructor asks
which accessory organ is responsible for producing and storing bile, a substance essential for the
emulsification of dietary fats. Which organ is the instructor describing?
A. Gallbladder
B. Spleen
C. Pancreas
D. Liver ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
before being released into the small intestine to emulsify fats. The spleen is part of the lymphatic
system, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. The emulsification process
increases the surface area of fats, allowing lipase to work more efficiently.
Question 6 of 75
A 30-year-old female is 5 feet 5 inches tall and weighs 145 pounds. The nurse needs to calculate
her Body Mass Index (BMI) to screen for weight-related health risks. Using the metric formula
(kg/m²), which BMI category does this patient fall into?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Overweight
D. Obese ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: B
