NR606 FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION
TESTED PRACTICE MATERIAL
●● Stimulant Medications: Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Answer: -Available in IR and ER
-More potent than Ritalin
-High risk of adverse effects
●● Stimulant Medications: Amphetamine (Adzenys)
Answer: -available in orally disintegrating ER formula for children who
cannot swallow pills
-Avoid prescribing when an MAOI has been used within 14 days
●● Stimulant Medications: Dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
Answer: -Available in IR and extended-release formulations
-Often dosed in morning (IR or XR) with an evening or evening prn (IR)
dose if med effects diminish prior to end of school, study or the workday
-Most abused & diverted prescription stimulant
●● Stimulant Medications: Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Answer: -Biologically inactive until metabolized by the body (Prodrug)
,-Less abuse & diversion potential than other stimulants
-Higher-cost medication
●● Non-stimulant medication: Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Answer: -Noradrenergic (NRI)
-Initial drug of choice for adults with ADHD
-no abuse potential
-tolerated well when prescribed in BID dosing
-appropriate choice for comorbid substance abuse
-may augment the effects of antidepressants & antianxiety meds
-can be dosed at bedtime if fatigue is noted
-unlikely to worsen tics
●● Non-stimulant medication: Clonidine
Answer: -α 2 agonist
• May be taken as monotherapy or with stimulant medications
-enhances precortical function for better mental focus
-appetite neutral
-may help with sleep disturbances, administer at bedtime
-adverse effects:
• sedation, brain fog
-monitor of BP closely during initial titration, risk of hypotension
,-tapered to avoid rebound hypertension post discontinuation
●● Non-stimulant medication: guanfacine
Answer: -α 2 agonist
• May be taken as monotherapy or with stimulant medications
-may also be used for children with tics, sleep disturbances, or
aggression
-tolerability & convenience enhanced by once-daily oral controlled-
release formulation
-adverse effects:
• sedation, headache, decreased appetite
-reduced side-effect profile comparable to clonidine
-bedtime administration to avoid daytime sedation
●● Non-stimulant medication: Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Answer: -Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
-off-label use for ADHD in adults
-appropriate for clients with concurrent depression or tobacco abuse
●● Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Answer: -one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders
-approximately 9.4% of children in the U.S.
-more frequently males than females, ratio 2:1
, -symptom burden mild to severe
-characterized by consistent pattern of inattention &/or hyperactivity &
impulsivity that interferes with functioning & development
• affect development of proper cognitive, behavioral, emotional, social,
& academic function
-hyperactivity and impulsivity ADHD subtype symptoms: excessive
fidgeting or talking, feelings of restlessness and impatience, frequent
interruption, and difficultly playing quietly
-inattentive ADHD subtype symptoms: difficulty organizing tasks,
maintaining a routine, and paying attention to detail
• may not be distinguishable until eight or nine years of age
-primarily disrupts neuronal connections within the frontal lobe &
prefrontal cortex
●● Without early identification and proper treatment, ADHD can cause
disruptions in:
Answer: academic performance
family stress
difficulties in social relationships
accidental injuries
●● ADHD is associated with:
Answer: increased rates of depression & SUD
AND ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION
TESTED PRACTICE MATERIAL
●● Stimulant Medications: Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Answer: -Available in IR and ER
-More potent than Ritalin
-High risk of adverse effects
●● Stimulant Medications: Amphetamine (Adzenys)
Answer: -available in orally disintegrating ER formula for children who
cannot swallow pills
-Avoid prescribing when an MAOI has been used within 14 days
●● Stimulant Medications: Dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
Answer: -Available in IR and extended-release formulations
-Often dosed in morning (IR or XR) with an evening or evening prn (IR)
dose if med effects diminish prior to end of school, study or the workday
-Most abused & diverted prescription stimulant
●● Stimulant Medications: Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Answer: -Biologically inactive until metabolized by the body (Prodrug)
,-Less abuse & diversion potential than other stimulants
-Higher-cost medication
●● Non-stimulant medication: Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Answer: -Noradrenergic (NRI)
-Initial drug of choice for adults with ADHD
-no abuse potential
-tolerated well when prescribed in BID dosing
-appropriate choice for comorbid substance abuse
-may augment the effects of antidepressants & antianxiety meds
-can be dosed at bedtime if fatigue is noted
-unlikely to worsen tics
●● Non-stimulant medication: Clonidine
Answer: -α 2 agonist
• May be taken as monotherapy or with stimulant medications
-enhances precortical function for better mental focus
-appetite neutral
-may help with sleep disturbances, administer at bedtime
-adverse effects:
• sedation, brain fog
-monitor of BP closely during initial titration, risk of hypotension
,-tapered to avoid rebound hypertension post discontinuation
●● Non-stimulant medication: guanfacine
Answer: -α 2 agonist
• May be taken as monotherapy or with stimulant medications
-may also be used for children with tics, sleep disturbances, or
aggression
-tolerability & convenience enhanced by once-daily oral controlled-
release formulation
-adverse effects:
• sedation, headache, decreased appetite
-reduced side-effect profile comparable to clonidine
-bedtime administration to avoid daytime sedation
●● Non-stimulant medication: Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Answer: -Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
-off-label use for ADHD in adults
-appropriate for clients with concurrent depression or tobacco abuse
●● Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Answer: -one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders
-approximately 9.4% of children in the U.S.
-more frequently males than females, ratio 2:1
, -symptom burden mild to severe
-characterized by consistent pattern of inattention &/or hyperactivity &
impulsivity that interferes with functioning & development
• affect development of proper cognitive, behavioral, emotional, social,
& academic function
-hyperactivity and impulsivity ADHD subtype symptoms: excessive
fidgeting or talking, feelings of restlessness and impatience, frequent
interruption, and difficultly playing quietly
-inattentive ADHD subtype symptoms: difficulty organizing tasks,
maintaining a routine, and paying attention to detail
• may not be distinguishable until eight or nine years of age
-primarily disrupts neuronal connections within the frontal lobe &
prefrontal cortex
●● Without early identification and proper treatment, ADHD can cause
disruptions in:
Answer: academic performance
family stress
difficulties in social relationships
accidental injuries
●● ADHD is associated with:
Answer: increased rates of depression & SUD
