RASMUSSEN MDC1 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED 100%
CORRECT
nutritional assessment along lifespan - Correct Answer ✔✔ - infancy: breast milk or
formula
- childhood: 1000-2000 calories with a balanced diet
- adolescence: calcium, protein, iron to aid motor skills
- adulthood: less sodium, more fiber, assess for chronic disease risk
nutritional assessment tools - Correct Answer ✔✔ diet history, bmi, labs (albumin), and
physical exam
albumin - Correct Answer ✔✔ maintains blood volume and pressure, transporting
substances such as hormones, vitamins, and drugs
long-term opioid abuse can lead to - Correct Answer ✔✔ tolerance, dependence,
chronic pain worsening, respiratory depression (depresses brain's respiratory centers,
slowing breathing rate and depth), increased anxiety and depression, and lifestyle
impacts
stress incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ leaking urine during physical activity like
coughing or sneezing
urge incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ sudden and intense urge to urinate with
leakage
overflow incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ inability to fully empty the bladder leading
to dribbling
functional incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ physical or mental impairment prevents
timely access to the bathroom
reflex incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ weakened muscles leads to leakage
therapeutic communication - Correct Answer ✔✔ open ended questions, reflection,
silence, clarification, and summarizing
barriers to therapeutic communication - Correct Answer ✔✔ distractions and judgment
,fall risk assessments - Correct Answer ✔✔ - morse scale: uses history of falls, mobility,
and mental status to assess fall risk
- sensation
- environment (trip hazards, lighting)
fall prevention strategies - Correct Answer ✔✔ clear hazards, grab bars, use non-slip
shoes, teach slow movements, daily foot checks, offer assistive devices
disaster preparedness strategies - Correct Answer ✔✔ - assessment: identify risks
- planning: develop protocols
- communication: talk with team
- training: practice drills, update the skills
- response: prioritize safety, triage effectively
- recovery: support patients, restore services, and debrief for improvement
discharge planning process - Correct Answer ✔✔ - goal: smooth transition from hospital
to home
- assessment: assess patient needs
- planning: coordinate care with team and offer resources
- educate: educate the client on discharge planning
- collaboration: work with the intraprofessional team
- documentation: record discharge planning
- outcome: reduce readmissions, promote recovery
principles of safe patient transfers - Correct Answer ✔✔ - assessment: evaluate patient
mobility, weight, and needs
- body mechanics: use safe and proper posture
- equipment: utilize tools such as slide boards and lifts
- communication: coordinate with team
- safety: secure area, lock wheels, remove trip hazards
- outcome: reduce falls, strains, and discomfort
x-ray usage - Correct Answer ✔✔ fractures, arthritis, and alignment
mri - Correct Answer ✔✔ soft tissue such as ligament injuries, joint degeneration, and
tendon tears
ct scan - Correct Answer ✔✔ detailed views of complex bones such as fractures
dexa - Correct Answer ✔✔ osteoporosis, fat and muscle mass
bone scan - Correct Answer ✔✔ uses a radioactive tracer to highlight areas of high
bone activity to detect abnormalities
electromyography - Correct Answer ✔✔ muscle abnormalities, nerve damage, and
conditions such as neuropathy, myopathy, and motor neuron diseases
, risks for osteomalacia - Correct Answer ✔✔ vitamin d deficiency, calcium deficiency,
phosphate deficiency, chronic kidney disease, anticonvulsants, age/gender
(anticonvulsants interfere with vitamin d metabolism, therefore reducing calcium
absorption)
nursing care priorities for musculoskeletal disorders - Correct Answer ✔✔
nonpharmacological interventions
- encourage safe movement
- check neurovascular status
- teach wound care
- reduce pain
- enhance recovery
- minimize risks
cataracts treatment - Correct Answer ✔✔ - surgery: removes clouded lens and replaces
with artificial (only form of cure)
- supportive measures: glasses or magnifying lens, improved lighting, anti-glare aids
glaucoma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - increased eye pressure damages optic nerve
- peripheral vision loss
- risk factors: age, family history, high iop
- symptoms: silent, halos, eye pain
- treatment: eye drops and surgery
- nursing role: monitor iop, educate patient about medications
macular degeneration - Correct Answer ✔✔ - deterioration of macula (center of retina
responsible for sharp and detailed vision)
- central vision loss
- risk factors: age, smoking, UV exposure
- symptoms: straight lines become wavy, difficulty reading
- treatment: injection, laser, vitamins
- nursing role: assess vision and promote safety
nursing care for enucleation and prosthesis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - monitor for infection
and bleeding
- pain management
- teach prosthesis care
- address body image, coping with vision loss (risk for disturbed body image)
- safety: promote safe navigation to prevent falls
- prosthesis tips: check fit, watch irritation, schedule follow up
retinal detachment - Correct Answer ✔✔ - retina detaches (retina: light-sensitive layer at
the back of the eye)
- assess for flashes, floaters, and vision curtains (flashes and floaters = med
emergency)
QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED 100%
CORRECT
nutritional assessment along lifespan - Correct Answer ✔✔ - infancy: breast milk or
formula
- childhood: 1000-2000 calories with a balanced diet
- adolescence: calcium, protein, iron to aid motor skills
- adulthood: less sodium, more fiber, assess for chronic disease risk
nutritional assessment tools - Correct Answer ✔✔ diet history, bmi, labs (albumin), and
physical exam
albumin - Correct Answer ✔✔ maintains blood volume and pressure, transporting
substances such as hormones, vitamins, and drugs
long-term opioid abuse can lead to - Correct Answer ✔✔ tolerance, dependence,
chronic pain worsening, respiratory depression (depresses brain's respiratory centers,
slowing breathing rate and depth), increased anxiety and depression, and lifestyle
impacts
stress incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ leaking urine during physical activity like
coughing or sneezing
urge incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ sudden and intense urge to urinate with
leakage
overflow incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ inability to fully empty the bladder leading
to dribbling
functional incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ physical or mental impairment prevents
timely access to the bathroom
reflex incontinence - Correct Answer ✔✔ weakened muscles leads to leakage
therapeutic communication - Correct Answer ✔✔ open ended questions, reflection,
silence, clarification, and summarizing
barriers to therapeutic communication - Correct Answer ✔✔ distractions and judgment
,fall risk assessments - Correct Answer ✔✔ - morse scale: uses history of falls, mobility,
and mental status to assess fall risk
- sensation
- environment (trip hazards, lighting)
fall prevention strategies - Correct Answer ✔✔ clear hazards, grab bars, use non-slip
shoes, teach slow movements, daily foot checks, offer assistive devices
disaster preparedness strategies - Correct Answer ✔✔ - assessment: identify risks
- planning: develop protocols
- communication: talk with team
- training: practice drills, update the skills
- response: prioritize safety, triage effectively
- recovery: support patients, restore services, and debrief for improvement
discharge planning process - Correct Answer ✔✔ - goal: smooth transition from hospital
to home
- assessment: assess patient needs
- planning: coordinate care with team and offer resources
- educate: educate the client on discharge planning
- collaboration: work with the intraprofessional team
- documentation: record discharge planning
- outcome: reduce readmissions, promote recovery
principles of safe patient transfers - Correct Answer ✔✔ - assessment: evaluate patient
mobility, weight, and needs
- body mechanics: use safe and proper posture
- equipment: utilize tools such as slide boards and lifts
- communication: coordinate with team
- safety: secure area, lock wheels, remove trip hazards
- outcome: reduce falls, strains, and discomfort
x-ray usage - Correct Answer ✔✔ fractures, arthritis, and alignment
mri - Correct Answer ✔✔ soft tissue such as ligament injuries, joint degeneration, and
tendon tears
ct scan - Correct Answer ✔✔ detailed views of complex bones such as fractures
dexa - Correct Answer ✔✔ osteoporosis, fat and muscle mass
bone scan - Correct Answer ✔✔ uses a radioactive tracer to highlight areas of high
bone activity to detect abnormalities
electromyography - Correct Answer ✔✔ muscle abnormalities, nerve damage, and
conditions such as neuropathy, myopathy, and motor neuron diseases
, risks for osteomalacia - Correct Answer ✔✔ vitamin d deficiency, calcium deficiency,
phosphate deficiency, chronic kidney disease, anticonvulsants, age/gender
(anticonvulsants interfere with vitamin d metabolism, therefore reducing calcium
absorption)
nursing care priorities for musculoskeletal disorders - Correct Answer ✔✔
nonpharmacological interventions
- encourage safe movement
- check neurovascular status
- teach wound care
- reduce pain
- enhance recovery
- minimize risks
cataracts treatment - Correct Answer ✔✔ - surgery: removes clouded lens and replaces
with artificial (only form of cure)
- supportive measures: glasses or magnifying lens, improved lighting, anti-glare aids
glaucoma - Correct Answer ✔✔ - increased eye pressure damages optic nerve
- peripheral vision loss
- risk factors: age, family history, high iop
- symptoms: silent, halos, eye pain
- treatment: eye drops and surgery
- nursing role: monitor iop, educate patient about medications
macular degeneration - Correct Answer ✔✔ - deterioration of macula (center of retina
responsible for sharp and detailed vision)
- central vision loss
- risk factors: age, smoking, UV exposure
- symptoms: straight lines become wavy, difficulty reading
- treatment: injection, laser, vitamins
- nursing role: assess vision and promote safety
nursing care for enucleation and prosthesis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - monitor for infection
and bleeding
- pain management
- teach prosthesis care
- address body image, coping with vision loss (risk for disturbed body image)
- safety: promote safe navigation to prevent falls
- prosthesis tips: check fit, watch irritation, schedule follow up
retinal detachment - Correct Answer ✔✔ - retina detaches (retina: light-sensitive layer at
the back of the eye)
- assess for flashes, floaters, and vision curtains (flashes and floaters = med
emergency)
