Exam 2- Pharmacology- Ut Tyler Final
Questions and All Complete Solutions
2025-2026 Updated.
Drugs used to treat GI disorders - Answer -antiemetics (anti-vomiting)
-Emetics (induce vomit)
-antidiarrheals (decrease hypermotility of gastric system)
-Laxative
nonpharmacologic measures for vomit - Answer 1. dried toast
2. saltine crackers
3. powerade
4. weak tea
5. flat soda
6. gelatins
7. pedialyte
nonprescription antiemetics (antivomit) action - Answer inhibit vestibular stimulation in
middle ear
nonprescription antiemetics use - Answer for nausea by motion sickness
Bismuth subsalicylate act directly on - Answer gastric mucosa to suppress vomit
-careful salycylic acid is linked to Reyes syndroms (do not give if viral illness)
8 categories for prescription antiemetics - Answer 1. antihistamines
2. dopamine antagonists
3. seretonin antagonists
4. cannabinoids
5. anticholinergics
6. benzodiazepines
7. glucocorticoids
8. miscellaneous
,prescription antiemetics actions - Answer act on vomiting center and decrease stimulation of
CTZ and vestibular pathways
many prescription antiemetics act as antagonists to - Answer dopamine, histamine,
serotonin, and ACh
Action of antihistamines and anticholinergics as prescription antiemetics - Answer act on
vomiting center to decrease stimulation of CTZ and vestibular pathways
-however only few are used for the treatment of nausea/vomit
Contraindications for antihistamines and anticholinergics - Answer do not use on glaucoma
patients
Side effects of antihistamines and anticholinergics - Answer - blurred vision
- dry mouth
- drowsy
- tachycardia
- constipation
Dopamine antagonists action (prescription antiemetics) - Answer suppress emesis by
blocking Dopamine receptors in CTZ
use for dopamine antagonists - Answer postoperative nausea, and nausea from
chemo/radiation
Side effects of Dopamine antagonists - Answer Common= extrapyramidal symptoms=
involuntary movements, tremors, muscle contractions
-sedation (state of calm/sleep)
- shuffling gait
-hypotension
-other mild anticholinergic symptoms
Serotonin- receptor antagonists common suffix - Answer -setron "seretonin setron"
ex. ondansetron
granisetron
dolasetron
palonesetron
, They do Not block dopamine receptors= not cause extrapyramidal symptoms
-administered orally or Intravenously
action of serotonin-receptor antagonists (prescription antiemetics) - Answer block serotonin
(5-HT3) receptors in CTZ and block afferent vagal nerve terminals in upper GI tract
use for serotonin-receptor antagonists - Answer chemo. and post operative nausea/vomit
side effects of serotonin-receptor antagonists - Answer -headache
-palpitations
-dizzy
-fatigue
-constipation
-hypotension
-edema
Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) administered (prescription antiemetics) - Answer
intravenously and for short while
use for glucocorticoids - Answer suppress nausea/vomit associated with chemo
use of cannabinoids (prescription antiemetic) - Answer help w nausea and vomit from
chemo and appetite stimulant for AIDS patients
contraindications for Cannabinoids - Answer do not use with psychiatric disorders bc
dependency and can be intensified
Side effects of Cannabinoids - Answer mood changes
drowsy
dizzy
euphoria
headache
dry mouth
orthostatic hypertension
tachycardia
hypertension
Questions and All Complete Solutions
2025-2026 Updated.
Drugs used to treat GI disorders - Answer -antiemetics (anti-vomiting)
-Emetics (induce vomit)
-antidiarrheals (decrease hypermotility of gastric system)
-Laxative
nonpharmacologic measures for vomit - Answer 1. dried toast
2. saltine crackers
3. powerade
4. weak tea
5. flat soda
6. gelatins
7. pedialyte
nonprescription antiemetics (antivomit) action - Answer inhibit vestibular stimulation in
middle ear
nonprescription antiemetics use - Answer for nausea by motion sickness
Bismuth subsalicylate act directly on - Answer gastric mucosa to suppress vomit
-careful salycylic acid is linked to Reyes syndroms (do not give if viral illness)
8 categories for prescription antiemetics - Answer 1. antihistamines
2. dopamine antagonists
3. seretonin antagonists
4. cannabinoids
5. anticholinergics
6. benzodiazepines
7. glucocorticoids
8. miscellaneous
,prescription antiemetics actions - Answer act on vomiting center and decrease stimulation of
CTZ and vestibular pathways
many prescription antiemetics act as antagonists to - Answer dopamine, histamine,
serotonin, and ACh
Action of antihistamines and anticholinergics as prescription antiemetics - Answer act on
vomiting center to decrease stimulation of CTZ and vestibular pathways
-however only few are used for the treatment of nausea/vomit
Contraindications for antihistamines and anticholinergics - Answer do not use on glaucoma
patients
Side effects of antihistamines and anticholinergics - Answer - blurred vision
- dry mouth
- drowsy
- tachycardia
- constipation
Dopamine antagonists action (prescription antiemetics) - Answer suppress emesis by
blocking Dopamine receptors in CTZ
use for dopamine antagonists - Answer postoperative nausea, and nausea from
chemo/radiation
Side effects of Dopamine antagonists - Answer Common= extrapyramidal symptoms=
involuntary movements, tremors, muscle contractions
-sedation (state of calm/sleep)
- shuffling gait
-hypotension
-other mild anticholinergic symptoms
Serotonin- receptor antagonists common suffix - Answer -setron "seretonin setron"
ex. ondansetron
granisetron
dolasetron
palonesetron
, They do Not block dopamine receptors= not cause extrapyramidal symptoms
-administered orally or Intravenously
action of serotonin-receptor antagonists (prescription antiemetics) - Answer block serotonin
(5-HT3) receptors in CTZ and block afferent vagal nerve terminals in upper GI tract
use for serotonin-receptor antagonists - Answer chemo. and post operative nausea/vomit
side effects of serotonin-receptor antagonists - Answer -headache
-palpitations
-dizzy
-fatigue
-constipation
-hypotension
-edema
Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) administered (prescription antiemetics) - Answer
intravenously and for short while
use for glucocorticoids - Answer suppress nausea/vomit associated with chemo
use of cannabinoids (prescription antiemetic) - Answer help w nausea and vomit from
chemo and appetite stimulant for AIDS patients
contraindications for Cannabinoids - Answer do not use with psychiatric disorders bc
dependency and can be intensified
Side effects of Cannabinoids - Answer mood changes
drowsy
dizzy
euphoria
headache
dry mouth
orthostatic hypertension
tachycardia
hypertension
