Exam 3 -NURS 3303 PATHO Review
Questions with Solved Solutions.
What is the difference in pathophysiology of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial
infarction (MI) - Answer angina is chest pain due to the heart muscle not getting as much
blood as needed
MI is a heart attack due to heart muscle not getting enough oxygen
What is the difference in symptoms of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial infarction (MI)
- Answer Angina nausea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, stabbing pain instead of chest pressure.
MI tightness or pain the the chest, neck, back of arms, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety
Why is the phrase "time is muscle" relevant when discussing myocardial infarction - Answer
the longer the time, the greater the ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium.
Individuals who develop DVT or thrombi are predisposed by what factors - Answer Cancer,
surgery, immobility
what is the risk of developing DVT or thrombi - Answer Forming a clot that causes a
pulmonary embolism
what is the impact of thrombi in the heart - Answer Heart Attack
what is the impact of thrombi in the brain - Answer Stroke
what is the impact of thrombi in the lungs - Answer Pulmonary Infraction
what is the impact of thrombi in the renal arteries - Answer Kidney Failure
describe the impact of atherosclerosis on major arteries - Answer Build up of fat (plaque) on
arteries, blocking blood flow, causing clot
what is an aneurysm - Answer A ballooning and weakened area in an artery
, what is the risk of aneurysm formation - Answer A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal
bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.
what is the risk of plaque formation in a major vessel - Answer Heart attack
what is the risk of plaque formation in a coronary artery - Answer Blood Clot
what is blood pressure - Answer The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood
vessels
define hypertension - Answer high blood pressure
what is the effect of RAAS on blood pressure - Answer RAAS regulates sodium and water
absorption in the kidney thus directly having an impact on systemic blood pressure
what causes hypertension - Answer Bad diet, kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, high
cholesterol, or family history
what are the long term effects of sustained hypertension - Answer if untreated heart attack
which organs are affected the most by long term sustained hypertension - Answer The heart,
kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels
what is the effect of low cardiac output on blood pressure - Answer Low blood pressure
what factors affect blood flow - Answer blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease
and exercise.
define cardiac output - Answer the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)
define stroke volume - Answer the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the
heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
define PVR (pulse volume recording) - Answer a test in which blood pressure cuffs and a
hand-held ultrasound device are used to obtain information about arterial blood flow in the
arms and legs.
Questions with Solved Solutions.
What is the difference in pathophysiology of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial
infarction (MI) - Answer angina is chest pain due to the heart muscle not getting as much
blood as needed
MI is a heart attack due to heart muscle not getting enough oxygen
What is the difference in symptoms of acute angina pectoris vs acute myocardial infarction (MI)
- Answer Angina nausea, dyspnea, abdominal pain, stabbing pain instead of chest pressure.
MI tightness or pain the the chest, neck, back of arms, fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety
Why is the phrase "time is muscle" relevant when discussing myocardial infarction - Answer
the longer the time, the greater the ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium.
Individuals who develop DVT or thrombi are predisposed by what factors - Answer Cancer,
surgery, immobility
what is the risk of developing DVT or thrombi - Answer Forming a clot that causes a
pulmonary embolism
what is the impact of thrombi in the heart - Answer Heart Attack
what is the impact of thrombi in the brain - Answer Stroke
what is the impact of thrombi in the lungs - Answer Pulmonary Infraction
what is the impact of thrombi in the renal arteries - Answer Kidney Failure
describe the impact of atherosclerosis on major arteries - Answer Build up of fat (plaque) on
arteries, blocking blood flow, causing clot
what is an aneurysm - Answer A ballooning and weakened area in an artery
, what is the risk of aneurysm formation - Answer A ruptured aneurysm can result in internal
bleeding, stroke, and can sometimes be fatal.
what is the risk of plaque formation in a major vessel - Answer Heart attack
what is the risk of plaque formation in a coronary artery - Answer Blood Clot
what is blood pressure - Answer The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood
vessels
define hypertension - Answer high blood pressure
what is the effect of RAAS on blood pressure - Answer RAAS regulates sodium and water
absorption in the kidney thus directly having an impact on systemic blood pressure
what causes hypertension - Answer Bad diet, kidney and hormone problems, diabetes, high
cholesterol, or family history
what are the long term effects of sustained hypertension - Answer if untreated heart attack
which organs are affected the most by long term sustained hypertension - Answer The heart,
kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels
what is the effect of low cardiac output on blood pressure - Answer Low blood pressure
what factors affect blood flow - Answer blood pressure, blood volume, resistance, disease
and exercise.
define cardiac output - Answer the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)
define stroke volume - Answer the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the
heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.
define PVR (pulse volume recording) - Answer a test in which blood pressure cuffs and a
hand-held ultrasound device are used to obtain information about arterial blood flow in the
arms and legs.
