NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide Ques ons and
answers Updated 100% verified correct new!!
2025/2026
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory -
CORRECT ANSWERS Compensatory hyperplasia is an adap ve mechanism that enables certain
organs to regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and some mes in the
hands
b. A neoplas c disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremi es
c. A vasospas c disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly,
the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremi es -
CORRECT ANSWERS c. A vasospas c disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,
and less commonly, the toes
A pa ent is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Which of the following heart failures may result from this condi on?
a. Right heart failure
b. Le- heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide adequate
blood flow into the pulmonary circula on at a normal central venous pressure. It most o-en
results from the le- heart failure when the increase in le- ventricular filling pressure that is
,reflected back into the pulmonary circula on is severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary
circula on rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpa on
c. Cyanosis observed on excre on
d. Murmur heard on ausculta on - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Murmur heard on ausculta on
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The flow
becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be
heard on ausculta on such as occurs during blood pressure measurement with a
sphygomanometer. This selec on is the only op on that accurately iden fies the physical sign of
turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome?
a. Coarcta on of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Ventricular
septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunc on of trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with
dysfunc on of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a con nuous machine/type murmur best heard at the le- upper sternal border
throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpa on. These
clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
,c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteris cally have a
con nuous machine/type murmur best heard at the le- upper sternal border throughout
systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an
ac ve precordium, a thrill on palpa on and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circula on.
The presenta ons of the other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of
Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their le- side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squa@ng
d. hyperven la ng - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Squa@ng
Exp: squa@ng is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to alleviate
hypoxic spells. Squa@ng and its variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous
return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other op ons would not result in these
changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit which symptom?
a. IntermiBent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - CORRECT ANSWERS b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptoma c. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condi on?
, a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medica on classifica on is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
a. Cor costeroids
b. An boi cs
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Cor costeroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although cor costeroids may produce some
improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are
born between how many weeks of gesta on?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36 - CORRECT ANSWERS d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other op ons are
not true regarding the meframe when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292
What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Low birth weight
answers Updated 100% verified correct new!!
2025/2026
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory -
CORRECT ANSWERS Compensatory hyperplasia is an adap ve mechanism that enables certain
organs to regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the
remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and some mes in the
hands
b. A neoplas c disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremi es
c. A vasospas c disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly,
the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremi es -
CORRECT ANSWERS c. A vasospas c disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,
and less commonly, the toes
A pa ent is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Which of the following heart failures may result from this condi on?
a. Right heart failure
b. Le- heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide adequate
blood flow into the pulmonary circula on at a normal central venous pressure. It most o-en
results from the le- heart failure when the increase in le- ventricular filling pressure that is
,reflected back into the pulmonary circula on is severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary
circula on rises, the resistance to right ventricular emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpa on
c. Cyanosis observed on excre on
d. Murmur heard on ausculta on - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Murmur heard on ausculta on
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The flow
becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be
heard on ausculta on such as occurs during blood pressure measurement with a
sphygomanometer. This selec on is the only op on that accurately iden fies the physical sign of
turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome?
a. Coarcta on of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Ventricular
septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunc on of trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with
dysfunc on of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a con nuous machine/type murmur best heard at the le- upper sternal border
throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpa on. These
clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
,c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteris cally have a
con nuous machine/type murmur best heard at the le- upper sternal border throughout
systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an
ac ve precordium, a thrill on palpa on and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circula on.
The presenta ons of the other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of
Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their le- side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squa@ng
d. hyperven la ng - CORRECT ANSWERS c. Squa@ng
Exp: squa@ng is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to alleviate
hypoxic spells. Squa@ng and its variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous
return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other op ons would not result in these
changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit which symptom?
a. IntermiBent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - CORRECT ANSWERS b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptoma c. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condi on?
, a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medica on classifica on is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
a. Cor costeroids
b. An boi cs
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Cor costeroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although cor costeroids may produce some
improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are
born between how many weeks of gesta on?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36 - CORRECT ANSWERS d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other op ons are
not true regarding the meframe when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292
What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Low birth weight
