NUR 641E MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL
PAPER 2026 ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
ANSWERS ACCURATE SOLUTION SET
GRADED A+
⩥ The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is.
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and
bypassing absorption
⩥ Intravenous route avoids.
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
⩥ Rectal administration has.
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
⩥ Steady State (SS) is usually reached within.
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
⩥ Half-life of a drug is.
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
,⩥ First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free
concentration of the drug
⩥ Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
⩥ CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if.
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
⩥ Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA.
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in
a population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
,e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier
clinical studies (Phase 4)
⩥ Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO).
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
⩥ Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
, Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
⩥ Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological.
Answer: 85%-90%
⩥ Adverse drug reactions are usually.
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home
setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic
and idiosyncratic type reactions
⩥ Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported.
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not
mandate that ADRs be reported
⩥ Polypharmacy.
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription
filling
⩥ Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril,
Fosinopril
⩥ How ACEI reduce blood pressure.
PAPER 2026 ORIGINAL QUESTIONS
ANSWERS ACCURATE SOLUTION SET
GRADED A+
⩥ The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is.
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and
bypassing absorption
⩥ Intravenous route avoids.
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
⩥ Rectal administration has.
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
⩥ Steady State (SS) is usually reached within.
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
⩥ Half-life of a drug is.
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
,⩥ First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free
concentration of the drug
⩥ Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
⩥ CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if.
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
⩥ Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA.
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in
a population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
,e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier
clinical studies (Phase 4)
⩥ Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO).
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
⩥ Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
, Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
⩥ Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological.
Answer: 85%-90%
⩥ Adverse drug reactions are usually.
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home
setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic
and idiosyncratic type reactions
⩥ Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported.
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not
mandate that ADRs be reported
⩥ Polypharmacy.
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription
filling
⩥ Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril,
Fosinopril
⩥ How ACEI reduce blood pressure.
