Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3, Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 3, NSG 530 Exam 3
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir
B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma
A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella
C) Group A Streptococcus
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,A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the
penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction
Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis
Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this
child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.
The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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,What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli
Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis.
acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts
Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis
Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea
Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
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, C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy
Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a
result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Which question will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?"
Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the introitus. What
is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis
Bartholinitis
A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information would the
nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
A) Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
B) The symptoms will increase during menstruation.
C) The condition causes urinary stress incontinence.
D) This condition contributes to chronic constipation.
Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
A) A 26-year-old with regular menstrual cycle
B) A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
C) A 13-year-old experiencing delayed puberty
D) A 70-year-old diagnosed with a cystocele
A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
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Pathophysiology Exam 3, NSG 530 Exam 3
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir
B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition
is associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma
A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine.
What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause
such symptoms?
A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria
B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella
C) Group A Streptococcus
1|Page
,A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the
penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction
Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis
Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this
child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.
The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain.
Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
2|Page
,What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli
Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis.
acute pyelonephritis
What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction?
A) Urethral valves and polyps
B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor
C) Kidney stones and warts
D) Urethral valves and warts
Urethral valves and polyps
Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply)
A) Hydronephrosis
B) Hypospadias
C) Infection
D) Stone formation
E) Enuresis
Hydronephrosis
Infection
Stone formation
The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females?
A) Menarche
B) Pubic hair
C) Thelarche
D) Dysmenorrhea
Thelarche
Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles?
A) Primary dysmenorrhea
B) Primary amenorrhea
3|Page
, C) Secondary dysmenorrhea
D) Secondary amenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
A) Abnormal thyroid function
B) Irregular prolactin production
C) Pituitary gland dysfunction
D) Unknown pregnancy
Unknown pregnancy
A 24-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain and fever that is believed to be a
result of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) stemming from a Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Which question will most likely identify the cause of her symptoms?
A) "Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?"
B) "Have you been experiencing nausea and vomiting as well?"
C) "Is constipation a problem for you?"
D) "Would you describe your pain as being stabbing?"
Is your abdominal pain affected by walking?
A patient presents with an inflammation of one of the ducts that lead from the introitus. What
is the appropriate term for this condition?
A) Vaginitis
B) Cervicitis
C) Bartholinitis
D) Vulvovestibulitis
Bartholinitis
A patient has been diagnosed with a moderately large cystocele. What information would the
nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
A) Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
B) The symptoms will increase during menstruation.
C) The condition causes urinary stress incontinence.
D) This condition contributes to chronic constipation.
Isometric exercises will help strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles.
Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
A) A 26-year-old with regular menstrual cycle
B) A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
C) A 13-year-old experiencing delayed puberty
D) A 70-year-old diagnosed with a cystocele
A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
4|Page
