GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
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Change Management - ANSWER encompasses approaches used by business
content and behavioral process specialists that assist leaders in moving
organizations from the present to the future state
Systems Theory - ANSWER organizations are viewed as a total system of
interdependent subsystems with individual components that include people,
technology, work, and culture, all of which work together to respond to external
environmental changes such as competitors, customers, or government regulations
Contingency theory - ANSWER viewing organizational dimensions (strategy,
structure, people, work, rewards) as parts of a whole that fit together. When one of
these dimensions is out of sync with the others, issues emerge
Long-Term Approach - ANSWER focuses on lasting effects through changes in
cultural norms, including interventions and altering attitudes, behaviors, processes,
knowledge, and structures
, Top-down approach - ANSWER seeks to gain top management commitment
and involvement in order to significantly affect intended changes. Implemented
throughout the organization.
Collaborative approach (pg 12) - ANSWER involving professionals who are
affected by changes and who support the changes to the organization
Five elements to support attainment of organizational goals -
ANSWER Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling Resources, Staffing
Management - ANSWER Management is the process of working with and
through people to achieve organizational goals.
Leadership - ANSWER Leadership is difficult to define because the very nature
of leadership is complex.
Traits of an effective change leader - ANSWER They define themselves as
change leaders.
Leadership is NOT - ANSWER Risk-averse.
Personal quality to be a good manager - ANSWER Expert knowledge.
Organizational development (OD) - ANSWER The practice of changing people
and organizations for positive growth.
, Change management (CM) - ANSWER Approaches used by business content
and behavioral process specialists that assist leaders to move entire organizations,
or units, from a present to a desired future state.
Change management encompasses approaches used by - ANSWER Business
content.
Change Management Specialists - ANSWER Offer expertise that depends on
the nature and the type of programs where change is required.
Change Management Specialists - ANSWER Deal with more technical
management, strategy, finance, marketing, engineering, IT, and other functional
content expertise areas, as well as with the process.
A Change Management Specialist - ANSWER Helps to align objectives and
practices of the business with a new desired strategy, structure, and systems, and
works in teams.
Organizational Development Specialists - ANSWER Focus on the process of
how leaders, managers, and employees communicate, relate, strategize, sell, and
solve problems.
Planned change begins with - ANSWER Learning to read, interpret, and
respond to trends triggered in external environments.
External Forces - ANSWER Technological, Economic, Environmental,
Government & Political, Sociocultural, Globalization, and Natural / Human.
, Internal Forces - ANSWER Technological, Economic, Political-Legal, and
Sociocultural.
Forces for Change - ANSWER Competitive Advantage, Control, Impatient
Capital Markets, Cost Containment, and Environmental
Forces for Stability - ANSWER Predictability & Uncertainty Reduction,
Organizational Social Capital, Sustained Advantage, Transaction Costs, and
Institutionalism.
Type 1 Error - ANSWER The environment is stable, but leaders & managers
perceive it as turbulent.
Type 2 Error - ANSWER Leaders and managers perceive the environment as
stable when, in actuality, it is turbulent.
Developmental Change - ANSWER An improvement of what already exists.
Does not necessarily have to be large in scale/scope.
Transitional Change - ANSWER Consists of an implementation to achieve a
known desired state that is different from the existing one. Can shake up an
organizational culture, disturb relationships, unsettle jobs, and require retraining
and hiring (mergers & acquisitions, new technology, etc.).
Transformational Change - ANSWER The emergence of a new, unknown state
for the organization.