REVIEW STUDY GUIDE SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
●● Product and process design
Answer: Product and process design are crucial and relate to both the
design of goods and services.
●● Product design
Answer: consideration of the characteristics, features, and performance
of the product.
●● Product technology
Answer: application of knowledge to improve the product.
●● Process design
Answer: describes how a product will be made.
●● Process technology
Answer: application of knowledge to improve a process.
●● Common goals
,Answer: Most organizations develop common goals during the
budgeting and planning process, which are done annually.
●● Most common type of organization
Answer: Many businesses are shifting to organization by process due to
today's fast paced environment.
●● Organizational structures
Answer: designed by process cross-functional lines.
●● Cross-functionality
Answer: a unique feature important to any organization.
●● Eliminating functional silos
Answer: allows teams to share knowledge and understanding of
decision-making across the organization.
●● Decentralizing decision
Answer: making leads to more cross-functional teams.
●● Relative advantage
Answer: The difference between the lowest cost producer and the next-
lowest cost producer.
,●● Ethics
Answer: A sense of what is right and wrong that guide behavior.
●● Sustainability
Answer: Reflects the efforts organizations are expected to make to
balance their interconnected obligations to economic viability, the
societies in which they operate, and the natural environment - the "triple
bottom line."
●● Organizational focus points
Answer: Organizations need to focus on how a decision affects not just
profitability, but also employees, the community, and the environment,
in the long and short term.
●● Competitive advantage
Answer: A capability that customers value that gives an organization an
edge against its competition.
●● VIRAL
Answer: VIRAL= Value to consumers, it should be Inimitable (not
easily imitated), Rare, and an organization should have the Aptitude and
Lifespan to earn appropriate returns on the advantage.
, ●● SWOT Analysis
Answer: Assists in planning to achieve objectives. Strength, Weakness,
Opportunity and Threat
●● Key processes organizations must have:
Answer: Strategy development, product development, development of
systems to produce services and goods, and order fulfillment to leverage
impact.
●● Systems development
Answer: Key to meeting strategic goals. Resources include: people,
facilities, equipment, materials, and energy.
●● Process redesign
Answer: Facilitates working toward a common goal in organizations.
●● Productivity
Answer: A mathematical calculation. It is the ratio of the outputs
achieved divided by the inputs consumed to achieve those outputs.
●● Productivity Formula
Answer: Productivity = Output / Input. Change in productivity = (new
productivity - old productivity) / old productivity.