OSAT Early Childhood Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions
2025
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - <<Infants learn to comprehend their environment through
their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - <<o Roughly bet`ween the ages of 2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - <<Babies begin to coordinate their physical sensations with new
schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - <<Children also repeat rewarding actions, but now they are focused
on things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - <<Infants begin further exploring their surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - <<Children begin experimenting through trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - <<Children begin representing objects and events with symbols.
Begin to understand the world via not only actions, but mental operations.
Schema - <<Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the environment. A category or
class of things.
Assimilation - <<When we fit something into an existing schema
,Accommodation - <<When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing schema, we either
modify that schema or form a new schema
conservation - <<o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances retain their properties
of numbers or amounts even when their appearance, shape, or configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - <<Believed that all children's mental, language and social development is
supported by and enhanced through social interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - <<The difference between what the child can accomplish
independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another more competent person
Scaffolding - <<Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding should be concrete and
visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds on children's strengths, enabling the children to
grow cognitively and become independent learners.
Self-actualization - <<Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - <<Trust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18 months)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - <<(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are met consistently,
predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - <<(18 months-3 years) Learn independence and competence. Toddlers
learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - <<• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with initiative to
activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness and accomplishment. Children are
learning and want to undertake many adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments.
, Industry vs. Inferiority - <<(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious attitude and want to be
productive. Build things, discover, manipulate objects, and find out how things work.
Garner's Eight Intelligences - <<Visual/Spatial
Verbal/Linguistic
Mathmatical/Logical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Musical/Rhythmic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalistic
Microsystem - <<The environment of parents, family, peers, child care, schools, neighborhood, religious
groups, parks, and so forth
Mesosystem - <<Linkages or interactions between microsystems.
exosystem - <<Encompasses those events with which children do not have direct interaction but which
nonetheless influence them. Example school board decision, parent's workplace
macrosystem - <<Culture, customs, and values of society in general
chronosystem - <<Environment influences over time and the ways they impact development and
behavior
Stages of Growth and Development - <<Scribble Stage
Preschematic Stage
Schematic Stage
Drawing Realism Stage
2025
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - <<Infants learn to comprehend their environment through
their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - <<o Roughly bet`ween the ages of 2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - <<Babies begin to coordinate their physical sensations with new
schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - <<Children also repeat rewarding actions, but now they are focused
on things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - <<Infants begin further exploring their surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - <<Children begin experimenting through trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - <<Children begin representing objects and events with symbols.
Begin to understand the world via not only actions, but mental operations.
Schema - <<Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the environment. A category or
class of things.
Assimilation - <<When we fit something into an existing schema
,Accommodation - <<When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing schema, we either
modify that schema or form a new schema
conservation - <<o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances retain their properties
of numbers or amounts even when their appearance, shape, or configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - <<Believed that all children's mental, language and social development is
supported by and enhanced through social interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - <<The difference between what the child can accomplish
independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another more competent person
Scaffolding - <<Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding should be concrete and
visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds on children's strengths, enabling the children to
grow cognitively and become independent learners.
Self-actualization - <<Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - <<Trust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18 months)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - <<(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are met consistently,
predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - <<(18 months-3 years) Learn independence and competence. Toddlers
learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - <<• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with initiative to
activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness and accomplishment. Children are
learning and want to undertake many adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments.
, Industry vs. Inferiority - <<(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious attitude and want to be
productive. Build things, discover, manipulate objects, and find out how things work.
Garner's Eight Intelligences - <<Visual/Spatial
Verbal/Linguistic
Mathmatical/Logical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Musical/Rhythmic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalistic
Microsystem - <<The environment of parents, family, peers, child care, schools, neighborhood, religious
groups, parks, and so forth
Mesosystem - <<Linkages or interactions between microsystems.
exosystem - <<Encompasses those events with which children do not have direct interaction but which
nonetheless influence them. Example school board decision, parent's workplace
macrosystem - <<Culture, customs, and values of society in general
chronosystem - <<Environment influences over time and the ways they impact development and
behavior
Stages of Growth and Development - <<Scribble Stage
Preschematic Stage
Schematic Stage
Drawing Realism Stage
